No ka ʻāina ua kaha ʻo ia i ka laina pololei. 
No ka lani, he kakaka maluna ona; 
Keʻokeʻo ma waena o ka lā 
piha i na asterisk no ka po; 
Aia ma ka hema ka lae puka o ka la, 
Aia ma ka ʻākau ka lae o ka lā, 
Aia ma luna ka lae awakea, 
a me ka ua a me ke ao opua 
E iho mai ana nā laina hawewe mai ona mai.
Mai  "Na Mele o Hiawatha"  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ʻEulopa i ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole kamaʻilio ka poʻe ʻAmelika ma o ka ʻōlelo kākau e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai. Akā, haʻi lākou i nā moʻolelo (moʻolelo waha) a hana i nā kiʻi a me nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi kēia ʻano kamaʻilio  ʻōiwi ʻAmelika mai ka wā lōʻihi ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kākau ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā hanana, nā manaʻo, nā hoʻolālā, nā palapala ʻāina a me nā manaʻo ma ke kahakaha ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā hōʻailona ma nā pōhaku, nā ʻili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona kiʻi mōʻaukala no kahi huaʻōlelo a ʻōlelo paha ma mua o 3000 BC. Hana ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​i kapa ʻia ʻo pictograms, ma ke pena ʻana i nā ʻili pōhaku me nā puaʻa maoli. ʻO kēia mau puaʻa maoli, ʻo ia nā mea hao hao i loaʻa i ka hematite a i ʻole limonite, nā pālolo keʻokeʻo a melemele, a me nā pōhaku palupalu, ka lanahu, a me nā mineral keleawe. Ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau puaʻa kūlohelohe e hana i kahi palette melemele, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka uliuli. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi mōʻaukala ma lalo o nā ʻanuʻu pale a i ʻole i loko o nā ana i pale ʻia mai nā kumu.

Hoʻokumu ʻo Paviotso Payute i nā petroglyphs na Edward S. Curtis, 1924.

ʻO kekahi ʻano like ʻole o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, i kapa ʻia he petroglyphs, ua kālai ʻia, kālai ʻia, a i ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ʻili pōhaku. Ua ʻike ʻia paha kēia milo i loko o ka pōhaku, a i ʻole ua ʻoki hohonu paha i mea e hōʻike ai i nā mea unweathered o ke kala ʻokoʻa ma lalo.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻōiwi ʻAmelika e like me ka huaʻōlelo a loaʻa pinepine i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā wehewehe a / a i ʻole nā ​​​​manaʻo like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻana mai kēlā me kēia ʻohana, i kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou manaʻo, ʻoiai ʻo nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i maopopo loa. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka India ʻohana e ʻōlelo i nā ʻōlelo he nui, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona a i ʻole "ke kiʻi kiʻi" e haʻi i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā manaʻo. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻailona e kāhiko i nā hale, ua pena ʻia ma nā ʻili bufalo a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hanana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻohana.

Petroglyphs ma ka Petrified Forest o Arizona, i hana ʻia e ka National Park Service.

He mau hōʻike koʻikoʻi kēia mau kiʻi no ka hōʻike moʻomeheu a he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe ʻōiwi ʻAmelika o kēia wā a me nā mamo a nā poʻe kamaʻāina Sepania mua.

ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe Spaniards i ke komohana hema i ka makahiki 1540, he hopena koʻikoʻi ia i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka poʻe Pueblo. I ka makahiki 1680, kipi nā ʻohana Pueblo i ke aupuni Sepania a hoʻokuke aku i ka poʻe noho mai ia wahi a hoʻi i El Paso.  Texas ... I ka makahiki 1692, neʻe aku ka poʻe Sepania i ia wahi  Albuquerque ,  mokuʻāina o New Mexico  ... Ma muli o ko lākou hoʻi ʻana mai, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ka mana o ka hoʻomana Kakolika, ka mea i hōʻemi i ke komo ʻana  Puebloans i ka nui o kā lākou mau hana kuʻuna. ʻO ka hopena, ua hele ka nui o kēia mau hana ma lalo o ka honua a ua hōʻole ka nui o ke kiʻi Puebloan.

Nui nā kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā petroglyphs, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia e ka lāhui hou. ʻOi aku ka Petroglyph ma mua o ka "kiʻi pōhaku", ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻohālike ʻana i ke ao kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole pono lākou e huikau me nā hieroglyphs, he mau hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i nā huaʻōlelo, a ʻaʻole pono e manaʻo ʻia he graffiti India kahiko. He hōʻailona moʻomeheu ikaika nā Petroglyphs e hōʻike ana i nā hui paʻakikī a me nā hoʻomana o nā ʻohana a puni.

Nā hōʻailona ʻōiwi ʻAmelika, nā Totem a me ko lākou manaʻo - hoʻoiho kikohoʻe

He mea koʻikoʻi ka pōʻaiapili o kēlā me kēia kiʻi a he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kona manaʻo. Wahi a ka poʻe ʻōiwi o kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ke kau ʻana o kēlā me kēia kiʻi petroglyph. ʻO kekahi mau petroglyphs he manaʻo i ʻike wale ʻia e ka poʻe nāna i hana. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he hōʻailona o ka ʻohana, ʻohana, kiwa, a i ʻole ka hui. ʻO kekahi o lākou he mau hui hoʻomana, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka mea i hele mai i ia wahi a i kahi a lākou i hele ai. He ʻano hou ko Petroglyphs, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā mahalo ʻia lākou no ka "poʻe ma mua."

Aia nā kaukani kiʻi kiʻi a me nā petroglyphs a puni ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, me ka manaʻo nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hema komohana. ʻOi aku ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe ka Petroglyph National Monument ma New Mexico. Manaʻo ka poʻe kālaihonua he 25000 ka nui o nā petroglyphs ma ka 17-mile escarpment. ʻO kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā petroglyphs i loaʻa i ka paka mai ka wā Puebloan, aia paha i ka makahiki 2000 BC. ʻO nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe mai ka wā mōʻaukala e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1700, me nā petroglyphs i kālai ʻia e nā poʻe kamaʻāina Sepania mua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo 90% o nā petroglyphs o ka monument i hana ʻia e nā kūpuna o ka poʻe Pueblo o kēia lā. Ua noho ka poʻe Puebloans ma ke awāwa ʻo Rio Grande ma mua o AD 500, akā ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma kahi o AD 1300 ua hopena i nā wahi hou he nui.

ʻAkahi		hoomalu ana
ʻAkahi		Makaʻala
Ma hope o ka ʻino		Kauwela
Kau		Ikaika
Paw bea		ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi
Mauna nui		Nui ka nui
ʻo Bird		Manaʻo ʻole, mālama ʻole
pua haki		honua
Poʻai keʻa haki		ʻEhā kau e hoʻohuli ai
E nā hoahānau		Lokahi, kaulike, kūpaʻa
Roga Buivola		ʻAe maikaʻi
He bufalo ka hale		Ka kapu, ka mahalo i ke ola
Ka Lūʻoʻo		Ola make ole
Cactus		Hoailona waoakua
ʻO nā kapuaʻi coyote a me ka coyote		Liki
Nā pua i hala		ʻO ka hoaaloha
Nā lā-pō		Ke hala nei ka manawa
Ma hope o ka dia		Pāʻani i ka nui
Kakaka a me ka pua		Lae
Mea maloo		Nui ka ʻiʻo
Eagle		ʻO ke kuhi
Hulu manu		O ka Alii
Ka hoʻopili		Hula hoʻolauleʻa
Pau o ke alahele		Maluhia, pau ke kaua
Maka ʻino		Mālama kēia hōʻailona i ka hōʻino o ka maka ʻino.
E alo i na pua		Ka noonoo ana o na uhane ino
ʻEhā makahiki		Opio, Opio, Waena, Kahiko
moko		Hoailona waoakua
monster niho ʻona		ʻO ka manawa e moeʻuhane ai
Ka Uhane Nui		ʻO ka ʻUhane Nui ka manaʻo o ka mana ʻuhane āpau a i ʻole ka mea kiʻekiʻe i lanakila ma waena o ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana ʻAmelika.
ʻaʻahu poʻo		ʻahaʻaina
Hogan		Home mau
Koa		kaapuni kana
Kokopelli		Ka hookani pila, Fertility
kau iho		Ka mana, ka māmā holo
ʻUla uila		Ka wikiwiki
kāne		ʻO ke ola
Maka o ke kauka kupua		Ka Manaʻo
Hoku kakahiaka		Hoʻoponopono
Kūlana mauna		Wahi hoʻi
Kiki		Kea
Paipu maluhia		Ceremonial, kapu
Ka ua		ʻOhi nui
Nā ao ua		Kūlana maikaʻi
Nā āwae nahesa		Ikaika
ʻeke noho lio		kaapuni kana
lani		Ke alakaʻi nei i ka hauʻoli
Snake		Hōkeo
Pua ʻumeke		Hoʻoikaika
ka lā		ʻO ka hauʻoli
Ka pua nani		Hoʻoikaika
pale akua lā		He ʻuhane ikaika ke Akua Lā ma waena o nā ʻohana India.
Nā kukuna lā		Kū mau
Swastika		ʻEhā kihi o ka honua, ka pōmaikaʻi
Nā ʻano		Home manawa
Kaukoki		Hauoli palena ole, Raincaller
Ala hekili		Alanui malamalama
Hana wai		Ola mau
Ka wāwae o Wolf		Kuokoa, holomua
Zuni Bear		Kou ola pono