He aha nā maʻi lauoho kaulana loa?

I kēlā me kēia lā, nalowale kekahi kanaka ma kahi o 50-100 mau lauoho. Ma kahi o 100 XNUMX o lākou, ʻaʻole kēia mau loli i ʻike ʻia. I ko mākou mau makahiki, ua nāwaliwali ka lauoho o ke kanaka a hiki ke hāʻule i waho. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai nā hemahema i ʻike ʻia ma ke poʻo, he hōʻailona maopopo kēia e hiki mai ana kekahi mea koʻikoʻi. Hoʻopilikia nā pilikia lauoho a me nā maʻi i nā kānaka me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou mau makahiki a me ke kāne. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kumu like ʻole ma ke ʻano o ke koʻikoʻi, genetic conditioning a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻina hana mālama pono ʻole. ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi e pili ana, no ka laʻana, me ke kaulike hormonal kūpono ʻole, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka lauoho. He mea leʻaleʻa kēlā me kēia maʻi a hiki ke pili pū me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea leʻaleʻa he nui ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaiāulu.

ʻIke kumu e pili ana i ka lauoho

ʻOhana lauoho

ʻElua ʻāpana o ka lauoho - ke kumu a me ke kumu. ʻO ke aʻa ka ʻāpana i loko o ka ʻili. Aia ia i ʻekolu papa: ʻo ke kumu, ka ʻili a me ka cuticle o ka lauoho. Eia kekahi, aia ma ka lalo o ke aʻa he puʻupuʻu, aia i kahi matrix a me kahi papilla lauoho. ʻO ka matrix kahi e noho ai nā melanocytes. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lauoho o kā lākou mea nona ke hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka pena i hana ʻia i loko o lākou. Hana ʻia kahi wart me kahi hui o nā ʻiʻo pili. Ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻāpana o ka lauoho mau loa. ʻO ka ʻōpala ka ʻāpana o ka lauoho i ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka no ka mea aia ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Aia ia i ke kumu o ka lauoho, cortex a me ka sheath a ua kumu ʻia e keratinization o nā cell matrix hair. Ulu ka lauoho mai ka lauoho lauoho, ʻo ia ka lua i loko o ka epidermis. Eia ke kumu o ka lauoho a me kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka ʻiʻo paranasal. ʻO ka ʻiʻo paranasal ke kuleana no ka hāpai ʻana i ka lauoho a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia he goosebumps. ʻO kona ho'ēmiʻana he pane ia i nā mea hoʻoulu i hoʻounaʻia e ka'ōnaehana'ōpiopio, a hoʻonui hoʻi i ka huna o ka sebum. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā follicles lauoho e ka nui o nā aʻalolo a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Ulu lauoho

I mea e ulu pono ai ka lauoho, pono e mālama pono i ka pilina ma waena o ka papilla a me ka matrix lauoho. E ulu ana ka lauoho ma ke poʻo ma kahi o 1 kenimika ma kahi o 1 mahina. ʻO 70 µm ko lākou mānoanoa. ʻAʻole mau ka ulu ʻana a ua māhele ʻia i ʻekolu pae. ʻO ka ulu, a i ʻole anagen, e pili ana i 3-6 mau makahiki a pili i ka 80-85% o ka lauoho a pau. Aia i loko o ka mahele o ka lauoho matrix cell. ʻO ka pae aʻe ʻo ka involution, i ʻike ʻia ʻo catagen, a i ʻole ka wā hoʻololi i ka wā e lilo mālie ai ka follicle lauoho i keratinized a neʻe i luna. ʻO kēia ma kahi o kekahi mau pule a uhi ʻia ma kahi o 1% o ka lauoho. ʻO ka pae hope loa ka hoʻomaha, ʻo ia hoʻi, telogen, e mau ana ma kahi o 2-4 mau mahina. Hoʻopili ia i ka 10-20% o ka lauoho a pili i ka nalowale o ka lauoho kahiko a me ke ʻano o ka lauoho hou. ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho e hilinaʻi ʻia i nā kumu he nui, me nā kūlana genetic a me ka hormonal. ʻO lākou ke kuleana no ka lauoho keu a i ʻole ka lauoho morphology e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka lauoho i ka lāhui kanaka.

ʻO nā maʻi pili me ka alopecia

ʻO nā kumu maʻamau o ka lauoho lauoho

• malnutrition alakaʻi i ka hemahema o nā huaora a me nā minela;
• mālama pono ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi. ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana kūpono ʻole no kēia ʻano lauoho a me kā lākou hoʻohana pono ʻole;
• ʻO nā mea mechanical e like me ka lauoho lauoho i nā uluna i nā kamaliʻi a me nā lauoho kūpono ʻole e hoʻonāwaliwali a hoʻokaumaha i ka lauoho, e like me ka huelo pony paʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hola lōʻihi;
• ʻona i ke kino me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, e like me ka mercury a i ʻole arsenic;
• hoʻolāʻau genetic;
• nā maʻi endocrine, i.e. nā pilikia me ka hana ʻana o nā androgens, a i ʻole nāwaliwali o ka lauoho ma muli o nā maʻi o nā hormones i loaʻa i ka thyroid gland;
• nā maʻi lele a me ka nāwaliwali pinepine o ke kino;
• nā maʻi ʻili - psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis;
• nā maʻi o ke poʻo - lichen planus, scleroderma palena;
• nā maʻi lauoho - mycoses;
• nā maʻi ʻōnaehana - lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chemotherapy i mua o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi;
• ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau immunosuppressive, lāʻau antithyroid, a me kekahi mau lāʻau anti-clotting.

ʻO ka poho lauoho nui, alopecia

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā pilikia maʻamau o ka lauoho poʻo. Hoʻopilikia ia i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ʻo ia, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lauoho. ʻIke ʻia kēia e ka lahilahi o ka lauoho a me ke ʻano o nā ʻōhule i ka wā. Hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka alopecia mau a i ʻole ka manawa pōkole, a uhi pū i ka ʻili poʻo holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ma kahi palena. Hiki i ka alopecia ke cicatricial me ka ʻole a i ʻole ka ʻili.

Kāne androgenetic alopecia

He maʻi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hoʻomaka ia ma hope o ka makahiki 40, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā ʻōpio. Loaʻa pinepine ia i ka poʻe i hakakā me ka seborrhea a i ʻole ka ʻaila dandruff i ka wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka nui o ka holomua. ʻO Androgenetic alopecia ua hoʻoili ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano autosomal dominant. ʻO nā Androgens, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hormones wahine, e hoʻopau i nā follicle lauoho koʻikoʻi e hoʻōki i ka "paʻa" i nā lauoho pilikino. Hoʻomaka ʻo Alopecia me ka pīpī ʻana i nā kihi mua a me ka lei aliʻi. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōhule, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻohana I a me II. degere o ka eha ana i keia mai. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻōla i kahi maʻi e like me ka androgenetic alopecia, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e hoʻomau kēia kaʻina hana, no ka mea, pili ia i nā genes hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi. Inā ho'ōki ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau, e ulu hou kou lauoho. He aha nā lāʻau i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hopena o ka minoxidil a me finasteride. Mahalo iā lākou, pau ka lauoho i ka hāʻule ʻana, a lilo hoʻi i mānoanoa a ikaika. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa ma hope o 2 mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Androgenetic alopecia wahine

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka Androgenetic alopecia i nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻike pinepine ia ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ma luna o ke poʻo. Ke hele ka wahine i ka postmenopausal, emi ka nui o nā estrogens i loko o kona kino, no laila hoʻomaka ka androgens e hoʻomalu a kōkua i ke ʻano o ka alopecia. I nā wahine, hōʻike mua ʻia ka androgenetic alopecia e ka nui o ka lauoho lauoho. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia a hana "ʻoi aku ka ikaika" ma muli o nā detergents i loko o nā huahana mālama lauoho. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻōla i kahi maʻi, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kahi kaʻina hana lōʻihi ʻaʻole pono mau. I ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi i nā wahine, hoʻohana pū ʻia nā 2% solutions o minoxidil. He mea pono nō hoʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau hormonal.

Alopecia areata

Loaʻa ka Alopecia areata i ka 1-2% o ka heluna kanaka a pili pū me nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale, a me nā maʻi autoimmune concomitant. ʻO ka maʻi pinepine ka poʻe i loaʻa iā ia i nā maʻi ʻili e like me ka atopy a i ʻole atopic dermatitis, a i ʻole he poʻe me Down syndrome. ʻAʻole hiki ke Alopecia areata ma ke poʻo wale nō, akā, no ka laʻana, ma ka maka (nā kuʻemaka, nā maka) a i ʻole ma ka ʻāpana genital. He mau a no ka manawa pōkole paha kēia, a hiki ke hoʻi hou. ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka alopecia areata ka nui o ka oval a i ʻole ka poepoe foci. He niho ʻelepani a ʻulaʻula iki paha ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o lākou, haki pinepine ka lauoho. Nui nā ʻano o ka alopecia areata - diffuse alopecia areata (ka lauoho poho ma kahi nui), alopecia serpentine (ka lauoho lauoho a puni ke poʻo, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā luakini a me ke kua o ke poʻo), alopecia ākea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka alopecia holoʻokoʻa (lauoho. ka poho ma luna o ke poʻo holoʻokoʻa, me ka maka) a me ka universal alopecia (ka lauoho lauoho ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa). ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana no ka alopecia areata ma muli o ka wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi. Inā he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō, aia ka manawa e hele aku me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana. Eia naʻe, i kēia hihia, ʻōlelo ʻia ka zinc e lawe waha ʻia no kekahi mau mahina. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā corticosteroids i ke ʻano o nā hopena a i ʻole creams, a me ka cyclosporine. Inā ho'ōki ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻelua, aia ka manawa kūpono e hāʻule hou ai kou lauoho. I ka hakakā ʻana me ka alopecia areata, ʻōlelo ʻia ka photochemotherapy, ʻo ia hoʻi. ka irradiation o nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau topical (dipcyprone (PrEP) a me dibutylester), hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu hou ʻana o ka lauoho.

Trichotillomania

He maʻi noʻonoʻo pinepine ʻia e ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka makaʻu. Aia i loko o ka mīkini wehe ʻana i ka lauoho maʻi ma o: huki iā lākou i waho, ʻānai ʻana, huki a huki i waho, pōkole loa kahi ʻoki lauoho. ʻO ka trichotillomania ka mea maʻamau i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio (ʻo kēia hui e pili ana i ka 60% o nā maʻi). Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi nui, hoʻoikaika nui a me ka hopohopo pili i ka wā ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka maʻi o nā wahine i nā manawa he nui ma mua o nā kāne, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i nā pilikia a me nā hopohopo ʻole. I ka poʻe mākua, ʻoi pinepine ka maʻi i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ke kaumaha a me nā pilikia noʻonoʻo. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Trichotillomania e ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano ʻino i ka ʻaoʻao fronto-parietal, me ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke koko hou mai nā follicles lauoho. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo noʻonoʻo a i ʻole psychiatric a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lotions a me nā shampoos anti-itch no nā keiki a, i ka hihia o nā pākeke, nā antidepressants.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka lauoho a me ke poʻo.

• lauoho nui1. ʻO ka hirsutism kahi maʻi e pili ana i nā wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lauoho ma nā wahi ʻano o ka lauoho kāne. Ma muli o ka hana nui o nā androgens. 2. Hypertrichosis - ka ulu nui o ka lauoho ma ke kino a i ʻole ma kekahi mau wahi wale nō. ʻIke pinepine ia i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻōpio. Ma muli o ka hihia, he maʻi loaʻa paha kēia. He maʻi maʻamau nā kāne.
• anemia - hōʻike iā ia iho i ka lahilahi, brittle a nāwaliwali, a me ka hāʻule nui ʻana o ka lauoho. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nele o nā huaora a me nā meaʻai.
• ʻO ka dermatitis Seborrheic a me ka dermatitis atopic, hele like nā maʻi ʻelua. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka momona nui a me ka dandruff, a me ka nalowale o ka lauoho.
• Nā pāpale - Hiki ke maloʻo a pulu paha. Hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka epidermis maloʻo. He maʻi genetic, hormonal a fungal paha.
• Wehewehe lauoho - ʻo ka pinepine kēia ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka luku ʻole ʻia o ka cuticle lauoho.
• Lauoho lauulu Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma muli o ka hana nui ʻana o ka sebum, hiki ke hana ʻia no nā kumu he nui.