A hiki i ka hopena, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i ka ʻenehana o ke ʻano sfumato. Eia naʻe, maʻalahi ka wehewehe ʻana iā ia ma ka laʻana o nā hana a kāna mea hana ʻo Leonardo da Vinci. He hoʻololi mālie loa kēia mai ka mālamalama a i ke aka ma kahi o nā laina māmā. Mahalo i kēia, lilo ke kiʻi o ke kanaka i voluminous a ʻoi aku ka ola. Ua hoʻohana piha ʻia ke ʻano sfumato e ka haku i ke kiʻi o Mona Lisa.
E heluhelu e pili ana iā ia ma ka ʻatikala "Leonardo da Vinci a me kāna Mona Lisa. ʻO ka mea pohihihi o ka Gioconda, kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia.
kahua “Diary of pena. Ma kēlā me kēia kiʻi he moʻolelo, he hopena, he mea pohihihi.
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Renaissance (Renaissance). Ikalia. XV-XVI keneturia. kalakala mua. Noho ʻia ka ʻāina e nā mea panakō waiwai. Makemake lākou i ka hana noʻeau a me ka ʻepekema.
ʻO ka poʻe waiwai a me ka ikaika e hōʻiliʻili i ka poʻe akamai a naʻauao a puni lākou. ʻO ka poʻe haku mele, ka poʻe akeakamai, nā mea pena a me nā kiʻi kiʻi i kēlā me kēia lā ke kamaʻilio me ko lākou poʻe kākoʻo. I kekahi manawa, me he mea lā ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā kānaka e ka poʻe akamai, e like me ka makemake o Plato.
E hoomanao i na Roma a me na Helene kahiko. Ua kūkulu pū lākou i kahi hui o nā kama'āina kūʻokoʻa, kahi o ke kanaka waiwai nui (ʻaʻole helu i nā kauā, ʻoiaʻiʻo).
ʻAʻole kope wale ka Renaissance i ke ʻano o nā moʻomeheu kahiko. He hui keia. ʻO ka moʻolelo mele a me ka hoʻomana Karistiano. ʻO ke ʻano maoli a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kiʻi. Nani kino a uhane.
He uila wale nō. ʻO ka manawa o ka High Renaissance ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki! Mai ka makahiki 1490 a i ka makahiki 1527 Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua ʻana o Leonardo. Ma mua o ka ʻeke o Roma.
Ua pau koke ka mirage o kahi honua kūpono. Ua palupalu loa ʻo Italia. Ua hoʻokauwā koke ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi dictator.
Eia naʻe, ua hoʻoholo kēia mau makahiki 30 i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka pena kiʻi ʻEulopa no 500 mau makahiki ma mua! A i nā mea hoʻopuka manaʻo.
Kii maoli. ʻO Anthropocentrism (ke kanaka ke kikowaena o ka honua). Kūlana laina. Pena aila. Kiʻi. ʻĀina…
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, i kēia mau makahiki 30, ua hana kekahi mau haku akamai i ka manawa hoʻokahi. I kekahi manawa hānau ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi i 1000 mau makahiki.
ʻO Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael a me Titian nā titans o ka Renaissance. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻole i kā lākou mau mea mua ʻelua: Giotto a me Masaccio. Inā ʻaʻole ia, ʻaʻohe Renaissance.
1. Giotto (1267-1337).
Keneturi XIV. Proto-Renaissance. ʻO Giotto kona mea nui. He haku kēia i hoʻololi hoʻokahi i ka hana noʻeau. 200 mau makahiki ma mua o ka High Renaissance. Inā ʻaʻole nona, ʻaʻole hiki mai ka wā e haʻaheo ai ke kanaka.
Ma mua o Giotto, aia nā kiʻi a me nā frescoes. Ua hana ʻia lākou e like me nā canons Byzantine. Nā helehelena ma kahi o nā maka. huahelu palahalaha. Kūlike like ʻole. Ma kahi o kahi ʻāina - kahi kāʻei gula. E like me ka laʻana, ma kēia ikona.
A ʻike koke ʻia nā frescoes a Giotto. He mau huahelu nui ko lakou. He helehelena o ka poe hanohano. Kahiko a me ka opiopio. Kaumaha. Kanikau. Kahaha. Nā ʻano like ʻole.
Nā Frescoes na Giotto i ka Halepule Scrovegni ma Padua (1302-1305). Hema: Kanikau o Kristo. Waena: Honi o Iuda (detail). ʻĀkau: Hoʻolaha o St. Anne (Mary's mother), ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hana nui o Giotto he pōʻai o kāna mau frescoes ma ka hale pule ʻo Scrovegni ma Padua. I ka wehe ʻana o kēia halepule i ka poʻe haipule, ua kahe nui ka poʻe i loko. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻike i kēia.
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hana ʻo Giotto i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua unuhi ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo Baibala i kahi ʻōlelo maʻalahi a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. A ua maʻalahi lākou i nā poʻe maʻamau.
ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻike ai i nā haku he nui o ka Renaissance. Laconism o nā kiʻi. Nā manaʻo ola o nā kiʻi. ʻO ka manaʻo maoli.
E heluhelu hou e pili ana i nā frescoes o ka haku ma ka ʻatikala “Giotto. Ma waena o ka icon a me ka realism o ka Renaissance ".
Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo Giotto. Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala hou ʻia kāna hana hou. Ua hele mai ke ʻano no ka gothic honua i Italia.
Ma hope o 100 mau makahiki wale nō e kū mai kahi pani kūpono iā Giotto.
2. Masaccio (1401-1428).
Hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Early Renaissance. Ke komo nei kekahi mea hou i ke kahua.
ʻO Masaccio ka mea pena kiʻi mua i hoʻohana i ka hiʻohiʻona laina. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kāna hoa, ka mea kākau ʻo Brunelleschi. I kēia manawa ua like ka honua i hōʻike ʻia me ka honua maoli. ʻO ka hale hana pāʻani kekahi mea o ka wā i hala.
Ua lawe ʻo ia i ka manaʻo maoli o Giotto. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like me kona mua, ua ʻike mua ʻo ia i ka anatomia.
Ma kahi o nā huapalapala blocky, nani nā kānaka i kūkulu ʻia ʻo Giotto. E like me nā Helene kahiko.
Ua hoʻohui pū ʻo Masaccio i ka expressiveness ʻaʻole wale i nā maka, akā i nā kino pū kekahi. Ua heluhelu mua mākou i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe ma ke ʻano a me nā ʻano. E like me, no ka laʻana, ke kāne ʻeha o Adamu a me ka wahine hilahila o Eva ma kāna fresco kaulana loa.
Ua noho pōkole ʻo Masaccio. Ua make ʻo ia, e like me kona makuakāne, me ka manaʻo ʻole. I ka 27 makahiki.
Akā naʻe, he nui kāna poʻe hahai. Ua hele nā haku o kēia mau hanauna i ka hale pule ʻo Brancacci e aʻo mai kāna mau frescoes.
No laila ua kiʻi ʻia ka hana hou o Masaccio e nā mea pena kiʻi nui o ka High Renaissance.
E heluhelu e pili ana i ka fresco o ka haku ma ka ʻatikala "Expulsion from Paradise" na Masaccio. No ke aha kēia mea hana nui?
3. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519).
ʻO Leonardo da Vinci kekahi o nā titans o ka Renaissance. Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka pena pena.
ʻO da Vinci ka mea i hāpai i ke kūlana o ka mea pena. Mahalo iā ia, ʻaʻole nā mea hana lima wale nō nā ʻelele o kēia ʻoihana. ʻO kēia nā mea hana a me nā aliʻi o ka ʻuhane.
Ua hana nui ʻo Leonardo ma ke kiʻi kiʻi.
Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻohuli i ke kiʻi nui. ʻAʻole pono e auwana ka maka mai kekahi kikoʻī a i kekahi. ʻO ia ke ʻano o kāna mau kiʻi kaulana. Pōkole. ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO ka hana hou a Leonardo ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ala e hana ai i nā kiʻi ... ola.
Ma mua ona, ua like nā kiʻi o nā kiʻi me nā mannequins. Ua maopopo nā laina. Ua huki pono ʻia nā kikoʻī a pau. ʻAʻole hiki ke ola ke kiʻi pena.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Leonardo i ke ʻano sfumato. Ua hoʻopololei ʻo ia i nā laina. Hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka mālamalama a i ka malu loa. Me he mea lā ua uhi ʻia kona mau hiʻohiʻona i kahi haze hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Ke ola nei na kanaka.
E komo ʻo Sfumato i ka huaʻōlelo ikaika o nā mea pena kiʻi nui o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine he manaʻo ʻo Leonardo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he akamai, akā ʻaʻole ʻike i ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mea i ka hopena. A ʻaʻole pinepine ʻo ia i hoʻopau i ka pena. A he nui kāna mau papahana i noho ma ka pepa (ma ke ala, ma 24 mau puke). Ma keʻano laulā, ua hoʻolei ʻia ʻo ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila i ke mele. ʻO ke akamai o ka lawelawe ʻana i kekahi manawa, makemake ʻia.
Eia naʻe, e noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe iho. 19 kiʻi pena - a ʻo ia ka mea pena kiʻi nui loa o nā manawa a me nā lāhui. A ʻaʻole kokoke loa kekahi i ka hanohano, ʻoiai e kākau ana i 6000 canvases i ke ola. ʻIke loa, ʻo wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
E heluhelu e pili ana i ka pena kaulana loa o ka haku ma ka ʻatikala ʻO Mona Lisa na Leonardo da Vinci. ʻO ka mea pohihihi o ka Mona Lisa, kahi i kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi ʻia ".
4. Michelangelo (1475-1564).
Ua manaʻo ʻo Michelangelo iā ia iho he mea kālai. Akā, he haku honua ʻo ia. E like me kāna mau hoa hana Renaissance. No laila, ʻaʻole i emi iki kona hoʻoilina kiʻi.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea i hoʻomohala kino ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi kanaka hemolele nona ka nani kino i loko o ka nani ʻuhane.
No laila, ʻo kona mau ʻano a pau he ʻiʻo, paʻakikī. ʻO nā wahine a me nā ʻelemakule.
ʻO Michelangelo. Nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻokolokolo hope fresco ma ka Sistine Chapel, Vatican.
Ua pena pinepine ʻo Michelangelo i ke ʻano me ka ʻōlohelohe. A laila hoʻohui au i nā lole ma luna. E hana i ke kino e like me ka hiki.
Ua pena ʻo ia i ke kaupaku o ka hale pule Sistine wale nō. ʻOiai he mau haneli haneli kēia! ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻae i kekahi e hamo i ka pena. ʻAe, ua launa ʻole ʻo ia. He ʻano paʻakikī a paio kona. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia iā ... iā ia iho.
Ua lōʻihi ke ola o Michelangelo. Ua ola i ka emi ʻana o ka Renaissance. No ia he pōʻino pilikino. ʻO kāna mau hana hope ua piha i ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻokoʻa ke ala hana o Michelangelo. ʻO kāna mau hana mua ka mahalo o ke kanaka meʻe. Kūʻokoʻa a wiwo ʻole. Ma nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa o Helene Kahiko. E like me kāna David.
I nā makahiki hope o ke ola - he mau kiʻi pōʻino kēia. He pōhaku i kālai ʻia. Me he mea lā i mua o mākou he mau kiaʻi no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka fascism o ke kenekulia XNUMX. E nānā i kāna "Pieta".
Nā kiʻi kiʻi na Michelangelo ma ka Academy of Fine Arts ma Florence. Hema: David. 1504 ʻĀkau: Pieta o Palestrina. 1555
Pehea e hiki ai? Hoʻokahi mea pena i hele i nā pae hana a pau mai ka Renaissance a hiki i ke kenekulia XNUMX i hoʻokahi ola. He aha ka hana a nā hanauna e hiki mai ana? E hele i kou ala ponoi. Me ka ʻike ua hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe loa ka pā.
5. Rafaela (1483-1520).
ʻAʻole poina iā Raphael. Ua ʻike mau ʻia kona akamai: i ka wā o ke ola a ma hope o ka make.
Hāʻawi ʻia kāna mau ʻano me ka nani a me ke mele. ʻO kāna ʻO Madonnas ʻO nā kiʻi wahine nani loa i hana ʻia. Hōʻike ka nani o waho i ka nani ʻuhane o nā heroine. Ko lakou akahai. Ka lakou mohai.
ʻO nā hua'ōlelo kaulana "E ho'ōla ka nani i ka honua" Ua'ōlelo pololeiʻo Fyodor Dostoevsky Sistine Madonna. ʻO kāna kiʻi punahele ia.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo nā kiʻi naʻaupō wale ka wahi ikaika o Raphael. Ua noʻonoʻo pono ʻo ia i ke ʻano o kāna mau pena pena. He mea pena kiʻi kiʻi ʻole ʻo ia. Eia kekahi, ʻike mau ʻo ia i ka hoʻonā maʻalahi a me ka harmonious i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka lewa. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻokoʻa.
He 37 makahiki wale no ko Rafael ola ana. Ua make koke ʻo ia. Mai ke anu a me nā hewa lapaʻau. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kāna hoʻoilina. Nui nā mea pena i hoʻomana i kēia haku. A hoʻonui lākou i kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi i nā tausani o kā lākou mau lole.
E heluhelu e pili ana i nā kiʻi pena kaulana loa o Raphael ma ka ʻatikala “Na kii o Rafaela. ʻO nā hoaaloha, nā mea aloha, nā mea mālama. "
6. Titian (1488-1576).
ʻO Titian kahi mea pena kala ʻole. Ua hoʻāʻo nui ʻo ia i ka haku mele. Ma keʻano laulā, he kanaka hoʻohalahala wiwo ʻole ʻo ia.
No ka nani o ke kālena, aloha nā kānaka a pau iā ia. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "ke aliʻi o nā mea pena a me ka mea pena o nā aliʻi."
Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana no Titian, makemake wau e kau i kahi manaʻo nui ma hope o kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia ka mea nāna i lawe i ka dynamics i ka pena. ʻO Pathos. Ohohia. kala ʻulaʻula. Alohilohi o nā kala.
I ka hopena o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi ʻenehana kākau ʻokoʻa. He wikiwiki a manoanoa ka hahau. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pena me ka pulupulu a i ʻole nā manamana lima. Mai kēia - ʻoi aku ka ola o nā kiʻi, hanu. A ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hoʻohiwahiwa o nā pā.
ʻAʻole anei kēia e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe i kekahi mea? ʻOiaʻiʻo he ʻenehana. ʻO Rubens. A me ka ʻenehana o nā mea pena kiʻi o ke kenekulia XIX: Barbizon a nā mea hoʻopuka manaʻo. ʻO Titian, e like me Michelangelo, e hele i loko o 500 mau makahiki o ka pena kiʻi i hoʻokahi ola. ʻO ia ke kumu he akamai ʻo ia.
E heluhelu e pili ana i ka haku kaulana kaulana ma ka ʻatikala "Venus o Urbino Titian. 5 mau mea maʻamau".
ʻO nā mea hana kiʻi Renaissance nā mea nona ka ʻike nui. No ka haʻalele ʻana i kēlā hoʻoilina, pono e aʻo nui. Ma ke kahua o ka mōʻaukala, astrology, physics a pēlā aku.
No laila, ʻo kēlā me kēia o kā lākou mau kiʻi e noʻonoʻo ai mākou. No ke aha i hōʻike ʻia ai? He aha ka memo i hoʻopili ʻia ma ʻaneʻi?
Aneane hewa ole lakou. No ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo pono lākou i kā lākou hana e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻohana lākou i nā ukana a pau o kā lākou ʻike.
Ua ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o nā mea pena kiʻi. He poe akeakamai lakou. Ua wehewehe lākou i ka honua iā mākou ma o ka pena kiʻi.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hoihoi mau ai lākou iā mākou.
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