Nā kiʻi o Levitana. 5 haku mele a ka haku mele

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Isaac Levitan he melancholic. A ʻo kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi he hōʻailona ia o ka ʻuhane hopohopo a me ka wikiwiki o ka mea pena. No laila pehea e wehewehe ai i nā kiʻi pena nui a ka haku?

A inā paha e lawe mākou i nā kiʻi pena liʻiliʻi a Levitan, pehea ʻo ia e mālama ai i ko mākou nānā? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe o lākou! Koe wale nō paha kekahi mau lāʻau lahilahi a me ka wai me ka lewa ma luna o ʻekolu hapahā o ke kāwele.

'Ōlelo pū lākou ua hana ʻo Levitan i nā kiʻi pena mele. Akā he aha ke ʻano o ia mea? A ma ka laulā, no ke aha i poina ʻole ai kona mau ʻāina? He lāʻau wale nō, he mauʻu wale nō...

I kēia lā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana iā Levitan, e pili ana i kāna hanana. Ma ka laʻana o ʻelima o kāna mau haku hana koʻikoʻi.

ʻO Birch Grove. 1885-1889

Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia nā kukuna lā o ke kauwela me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hana ana i kahi ʻeke melemele-keʻokeʻo-'ōmaʻomaʻo.

He ʻāina ʻokoʻa no nā mea pena kiʻi Lūkini. ʻAʻole maʻamau. ʻO ka manaʻo manaʻo maoli. Nui ka ʻālohilohi o ka lā. Hoʻopunipuni ea lele. 

E hoʻohālikelike kākou i kāna kiʻi pena me Kuindzhi's Birch Grove. 

Ma Kuindzhi mākou e ʻike ai i kahi ākea haʻahaʻa. Nui loa nā birches a ʻaʻole kūpono lākou i ke kiʻi. Ma kahi lanakila ka laina - maopopo nā kikoʻī āpau. A ʻo nā mea koʻikoʻi ma nā birches i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia.

No laila, hana ʻia kahi manaʻo maʻamau o ke ʻano hanohano, monumental.

Ma ka Levitan, ʻike mākou i kahi ākea kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka nele o ka lani. ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia ka laina o ke kaha kiʻi. ʻO ke kukui i loko o kāna kiʻi keʻoluʻolu, e waiho ana me ka nui o nā mea koʻikoʻi ma ka mauʻu a me nā kumulāʻau. 

I ka manawa like, "ʻoki" ka mea pena i nā birches me kahi kiʻi. Akā no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe. Aia ka manaʻo i ka mauʻu. No laila, ʻaʻole i kūpono nā kumulāʻau.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maoli, ʻoi aku ka ʻike haʻahaʻa o ka Levitan i ka lewa. No laila, nānā kona ʻano i kēlā me kēia lā. Makemake ʻo ia e leʻaleʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻohe mea nui o Kuindzhi i loko. Hāʻawi ia i ka hauʻoli maʻalahi.

Ua like loa kēia me nā ʻāina o ka French Impressionists, ka mea i hōʻike i ka nani o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia lā.

Akā ʻoiai nā mea like, ʻokoʻa loa ka Levitan me lākou.

Me he mea lā ua pena koke ʻo ia i ke kiʻi, e like me ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā Impressionists. No 30-60 mau minuke, ʻoiai e pāʻani ana ka lā me ka ikaika a me ka nui o nā lau.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kākau ka mea pena i ka hana no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻEhā makahiki! Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hana ma 1885, ma kahi o Istra a me Ierusalema Hou. A ua puka 'o ia i ka makahiki 1889, aia ma Plyos, ma kahi ulu birch ma waho o ke kaona.

A he mea kupanaha ka kiʻi, i pena ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole me kahi hoʻomaha lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i nalowale ka manaʻo o ka manawa "ʻaneʻi a i kēia manawa".

ʻAe, he hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha ʻo Levitan. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i nā ʻike āna i ola ai a me he mea lā e hoʻōla hou iā lākou me ka ikaika like. A mai ka puʻuwai mai ʻo ia i haʻi mai i kēia mau manaʻo iā mākou.

Helu gula. 1889

ʻO ka Levitan Autumn i hoʻomālamalama i ke kala ʻoi loa. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nā ao. Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - a lele koke ka makani i nā lau a hāʻule ka hau mua.

ʻAe, ua hiki i ka mea pena kiʻi ke hopu i ka hāʻule ma ka piko o kona nani.

Akā he aha nā mea ʻē aʻe e poina ai kēia pena Levitan?

E hoʻohālikelike kākou me ka hana a Polenov ma ke kumuhana o ka hāʻule.

Ma Polenov, ʻike mākou i nā halftone hou aʻe i nā lau o ka hāʻule. He monotonous ke mele kala a Levitan. A ʻo ka mea nui loa - ʻoi aku ka mālamalama.

Eia kekahi, hoʻokomo ʻo Polenov i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka pena. ʻO ka Levitan, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana i nā paʻi paʻi loa ma nā wahi, kahi e hoʻomāhuahua ai ke kala.

A eia mākou i ka mea huna nui o ke kiʻi. ʻO ke kala ʻālohilohi a me ka mahana o ka lau, i hoʻonui ʻia e ka uhi mānoanoa o ka pena, ʻokoʻa me nā polū anuanu o ka muliwai a me ka lani.

He ʻokoʻa ikaika loa kēia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Polenov.

ʻO kēia hōʻike hōʻuluʻulu ka mea e huki iā mākou. Me he mea lā ua hōʻike mai ʻo Levitan iā mākou i ka ʻuhane o ka hāʻule, mahana a me ke anuanu i ka manawa like.

Malaki. 1895

Lani ʻōpua ʻole. A ma lalo iho ʻaʻole he hau keʻokeʻo, ʻālohilohi loa o ka lā ma nā papa kokoke i ka lanai, ka ʻāina ākea o ke alanui.

ʻAe, ua hoʻokō ʻo Levitan i nā hōʻailona āpau o ka hoʻololi koke ʻana o nā kau. ʻO ka hoʻoilo hoʻi, akā i waena o ka puna.

E hoʻohālikelike kākou i ka "Malaki" me ka pena kiʻi a Konstantin Korovin "In Winter". Ma ka hau ʻelua, he lio me ka wahie, he hale. Akā, pehea ko lākou ʻokoʻa!

ʻO ka ocher a me ka uliuli o Levitan ka mea nui i ke kiʻi. He nui ka hina o Korovin. A ʻo ka malu wale nō o ka wahie e hoʻāla hou ai.

He lio ʻeleʻele ko Korovin. ʻAe, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka waha mai o mākou aku. A i kēia manawa ua manaʻo mākou i kahi ʻano pau ʻole o nā lā hoʻoilo pōʻeleʻele. A ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka punawai ma Levitan.

Akā ʻaʻole wale kēia e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ke kiʻi "Malaki".

E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo: ʻo ia mehameha. Eia naʻe, aia nā kānaka me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma ʻaneʻi, he hapalua minuke i hala aku nei, ua haʻalele kekahi i ka lio me ka wahie ma ka puka, wehe i ka puka, ʻaʻole i pani ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hele lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Levitan e kākau i nā kānaka. Akā ʻaneʻane hōʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou hele ʻana ma kahi kokoke. Ma "Malaki" ma ke ano maoli. ʻIke mākou i nā kapuaʻi e alakaʻi ana mai ka lio i ka nahele.

ʻAʻole ia he coincidence ka hoʻohana ʻana o Levitan i kēlā ʻano hana. ʻO kāna kumu aʻo Alexei Savrasov i koi i ka mea nui o ka waiho ʻana i kahi hōʻailona kanaka ma kekahi ʻāina. Ma laila wale nō e ola ai ke kiʻi a me nā papa he nui.

No kekahi kumu maʻalahi: he waʻa kokoke i kahakai, he hale ma kahi mamao, a he hale manu paha i ka lāʻau nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā hui. A laila hoʻomaka ka ʻāina e "kamaʻilio" e pili ana i ka palupalu o ke ola, ka hōʻoluʻolu home, ka loneli a i ʻole ka hui ʻana me ke ʻano. 

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ke alo o ke kanaka ma ke kiʻi mua - "Golden Autumn"?

I ka puahiohio. 1892

Ma mua o kēlā, ua nānā mākou me ʻoe i nā ʻāina nui loa o Levitan. Akā he nui nō hoʻi kāna mau keiki liʻiliʻi. Me ke kiʻi "Ma ka puahiohio".

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kēia ʻāina kūikawā o Levitan, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaumaha, melancholy a me ka makaʻu. A eia ka mea kupanaha loa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma ke kiʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e hana! ʻAʻohe kanaka. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka goblin me nā mermaids.

He aha ka mea e hōʻeuʻeu ai ka ʻāina?

ʻAe, he kala ʻeleʻele ko ke kiʻi: he lani ʻeleʻele a he nahele ʻeleʻele. Akā, ua hoʻonuiʻia kēia mau mea a pau e kahi haku mele kūikawā.

Ua kaha ʻia kahi alahele, me he mea lā, kono ʻia ka mea nānā e hele ma laila. A i kēia manawa ke hele nei ʻoe me ka noʻonoʻo ma ka papa haʻalulu, a laila ma nā lāʻau paheʻe mai ka wai, akā ʻaʻohe ala! Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻule, akā hohonu: ua like ka loko.

Akā, inā e hala ʻoe, a laila e hele aku ke alanui i loko o ka ululāʻau paʻapū, ʻeleʻele. 

E hoʻohālikelike kākou i ka "At the Pool" me ka pena "Forest Distances". E kōkua kēia iā mākou e ʻike i ka hopohopo āpau o ke kiʻi i nīnau ʻia.

Me he mea lā e hoʻowalewale pū ana ke ala iā mākou i ka nahele a ma ke kiʻi ma ka hema. Akā i ka manawa like mākou e nānā iā ia mai luna mai. Manaʻo mākou i ka lokomaikaʻi o kēia ululāʻau e hoʻopololei ana ma lalo o ka lani kiʻekiʻe. 

ʻO ka nahele i ka pena "Ma ka loko" he ʻokoʻa loa. Me he mea lā makemake ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa iā ʻoe a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu. ʻO nā mea a pau, hopohopo ...

A ma ʻaneʻi ua hōʻike ʻia kahi mea huna ʻē aʻe o Levitan, e kōkua ana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāina i ka poetic. ʻO ka pena kiʻi "At the pool" pane maʻalahi i kēia nīnau.

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo hopohopo ma ka lae, me ke kōkua ʻana o kahi kanaka kaumaha. Akā ua like ia me ka prosa. Akā e kamaʻilio ka poem e pili ana i ke kaumaha me nā hōʻailona a me ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi maʻamau.

No laila ke kiʻi o Levitan wale nō me nā hōʻailona kūikawā i hōʻike ʻia i nā kikoʻī o ka ʻāina e alakaʻi i kēia ʻano ʻoluʻolu.

Puna. Ka wai nui. 1897

ʻO ka hakahaka o ka pena "Spring. ʻO ka wai nui" ʻoki ʻia i nā laina o nā lāʻau lahilahi a me ko lākou noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka wai. ʻO ke kala he aneane monochrome, a he liʻiliʻi nā kikoʻī.

ʻOiai naʻe, ʻo ke kiʻi he poetic a me ka manaʻo.

Maʻaneʻi mākou eʻike ai i ka hiki ke'ōlelo i ka mea nui ma nā hua'ōleloʻelua, e pāʻani i kahi hana nui ma nā kaulaʻelua, e hōʻike i ka nani o keʻano Lūkini liʻiliʻi me ke kōkua o nā kalaʻelua.

Hiki i nā haku akamai loa ke hana i kēia. Pela no ka Levitana. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma lalo o Savrasov. ʻO ia ka mea mua i ka pena kiʻi Lūkini i makaʻu ʻole e hōʻike i ke ʻano liʻiliʻi o Lūkini.

No laila he aha ka mea huna o ka nani o ka Levitan "Spring"?

E pili ana i ke kū'ē. ʻO nā lāʻau lahilahi a lahilahi - kū'ē i nā mea e like me ke kahe ikaika o ka muliwai. A i kēia manawa aia ka manaʻo ʻino o ka hopohopo. Eia kekahi, ma ke kua, ua kahe ka wai i kekahi mau hale.

Akā i ka manawa like, ua mālie ka muliwai a i kekahi lā e hoʻi hope, ʻo kēia hanana he cyclical a wānana. ʻAʻole kūpono ka hopohopo.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka hauʻoli maʻemaʻe o ka Birch Grove. ʻAʻole naʻe ka hopohopo nui o ka pena "At the Pool". Ua like ia me ka hana keaka o ke ola. Ke pani ʻia ke kaha ʻeleʻele i ke keʻokeʻo.

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ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana e pili ana iā Levitan

ʻAʻole ʻo Levitan he mea hoʻohiwahiwa. ʻAe, a hana i nā kiʻi pena no ka manawa lōʻihi. Akā, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kekahi o nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻi o kēia kuhikuhi, no ka laʻana, nā kīʻaha ākea ākea.

Ua makemake mau ʻo Levitan e hōʻike i kahi mea ma mua o ka pilina ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ke aka. Ua hana ʻo ia i nā mele kiʻi.

He liʻiliʻi nā hopena o waho i kāna mau pena pena, akā aia kahi ʻuhane. Me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo like ʻole, hoʻāla ʻo ia i nā hui i ka mea nānā a paipai i ka noʻonoʻo.

A ʻaʻole ʻo Levitan he melancholic. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pehea lā i loaʻa ai iā ia nā hana nui e like me "Birch Grove" a i ʻole "Golden Autumn"?

Ua ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo ia a ua ʻike i kahi ākea ākea o nā manaʻo. No laila, hiki iā ia ke hauʻoli me ke kaohi ʻole a me ke kaumaha pau ʻole.

Ua haehae maoli kēia mau manaʻo i kona puʻuwai - ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō mau iā lākou. ʻAʻole i mau. ʻAʻole ola ka mea pena kiʻi e ʻike i kāna lā hānau 40th i mau pule wale nō ...

Akā, haʻalele ʻo ia i nā ʻāina nani wale nō. He hōʻailona ia o kona ʻuhane. ʻAʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ko mākou ʻuhane.

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Comments poe heluhelu e ae e nana malalo. Hoʻohui pinepine lākou i kahi ʻatikala. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kaʻana like i kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka pena pena a me ka mea pena, a me ka nīnau ʻana i ka mea kākau i nīnau.