ʻO ka hoʻohiki ʻana o ka Horatii: he aha ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka hana nui a Jacques-Louis David
Nā mea:
ʻAʻole hiki iā David ke lilo i mea kaulana. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi hana i hoʻoluliluli i ke ao noʻeau.
I ka makahiki 1784, 5 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Farani, ua hana ʻo ia i ka Horatii Oath. Ua kākau ʻo ia no ka Mōʻī Louis XVI. Akā, ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o ka wiwo ʻole o ka poʻe kipi.
He aha ka mea ʻokoʻa iā ia? A no ke aha i hauʻoli nui ai ka poʻe o ka wā o David i kahi kiʻi pena i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka moʻolelo o ka poʻe Roma i noho i ke kenekulia XNUMX BC? A ʻo ka mea nui loa, no ke aha e hoʻohauʻoli ai ko mākou naʻau me ʻoe?
ʻO ka'āpana o ka pena "The Oath of the Horatii"
E like me ka mea maʻamau me ia mau kiʻi pena, ʻike nui ʻia ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i ka pā.
Ua lawe ʻo David i kumu i ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Roma kahiko ʻo Titus Livius.
I hoʻokahi manawa, 25 mau kenekulia ma mua, ʻelua mau kūlanakauhale i hoʻokūkū: ʻo Roma a me Alba Longa. ʻO ka hoʻouka mau ʻana i kekahi i kekahi i nāwaliwali iā lākou. A i ka manawa like, ua loaʻa iā lāua ka ʻenemi waho - nā barbarians.
No laila, ua hoʻoholo nā aliʻi o nā kūlanakauhale e hōʻoluʻolu i ko lākou haʻaheo a hoʻoholo i ka ʻaelike. E hoʻoholo ke kaua o nā koa maikaʻi loa i kā lākou hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi. A ʻo ka mea lanakila, ʻo ia ka mea e ola ana ke koa i ke kaua.
Ua koho ʻia ʻekolu mau kaikunāne mai ka ʻohana Horatii mai Roma mai. Mai Alba Longa, ʻekolu mau kaikunāne mai ka ʻohana Curiatii. Eia kekahi, ua pili nā ʻohana e nā pili ʻohana. A he mau hoahānau nā kaikunāne kekahi i kekahi.
A no laila ua hōʻike ʻo David i ka hoʻohiki ʻana o nā kaikunāne o Horace i ko lākou makuakāne e lanakila a make paha. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka moʻolelo o Titus Livius.
Eia naʻe, ʻo kēia hiʻohiʻona i hana ʻia e David ponoʻī e hōʻike pololei i ka ʻike honua o nā Roma kahiko. ʻOi aku ke kuleana o ka ʻāina makuahine ma mua o ke kuleana i ka ʻohana. ʻO ka hana a ka wahine ke hoʻolohe, a ʻo ke kāne ke hakakā. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ke Koa ma mua o ke kūlana o ke kāne a me ka makua kāne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. ʻAʻohe kuleana o nā wāhine Roma kahiko e keʻakeʻa i kēia ʻano o nā mea. A ma ke kiʻi o David ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kēia.
Nā kāne hero. Paʻa nā ʻiʻo a pau. Kū lākou a mākaukau e hakakā. ʻO kā lākou hoʻohiki e hoʻopakele iā Roma ke kani nui loa. A he mea ole ia lakou ke haalele makua ole ka lakou mau keiki, na wahine kane ole, na makua me na keikikane.
I kēlā me kēia hihia, e loaʻa i ka ʻohana nā poho, nā poho koʻikoʻi. A ʻaʻohe mea i mākaukau e hana i kekahi mea. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kuleana iā Roma.
ʻIke mākou i ʻekolu mau wahine nāwaliwali a ʻehaʻeha i hoʻomaopopo i kēia. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i kekahi mea ...
Puliki ka makuahine o nā kaikunāne i kāna moʻopuna. ʻO kēia nā keiki a kekahi o nā koa e kū nei. Noho kokoke kāna wahine iā mākou. A ʻo ia ke kaikuahine o kekahi o nā kaikunāne... ʻo Curiatii.
No laila, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka luku ʻana o ʻelua ʻohana, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi. He kaikunane a he kane paha keia wahine. ʻO ka mea ʻelua paha.
Ma ka waena ʻike mākou iā Camilla, ke kaikuahine o nā kaikunāne Horatii. Hoʻopalau ʻia ʻo ia me kekahi o nā kaikunāne Curiatii. A ʻaʻohe palena o kona kaumaha. ʻO ia hoʻi, e nalowale kāna kāne male a i ʻole kona mau kaikunāne. A i ʻole nā kānaka a pau.
Akā, mai manaʻo ʻoe ua mākaukau nā kaikuaʻana ʻo Horace e hakakā, no ka mea, ʻo ia ke kuleana a ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻole i ka makua kāne. A o ka hohonu, ua haehaeia lakou e na kanalua. Ke kaumaha nei nō hoʻi lākou i ka hiki ke kaʻawale mau loa mai ko lākou makuahine, wahine, kaikuahine. Koi ko lākou makua kāne iā lākou e hoʻohiki, a ʻo ia iho ka manaʻo: "No ke aha wau e pono ai i kēia mau mea āpau? ʻO kēia kaʻu mau keiki."
ʻAʻole. ʻO ka pōʻino, ʻaʻole ia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike mākou i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kēia moʻolelo. He aha ka mea e hiki mai ana i kēia poʻe, ma hope o kēia hoʻohiki ...
E kaua ana. Hoʻokahi wale nō o nā Horatii e ola. Hauʻoli ʻo Roma: lanakila ʻo ia.
Hoʻi ke koa i ka home. A ʻike ʻo ia e kanikau ana kona kaikuahine ʻo Camilla i kāna kāne male make, i make mai ka ʻohana Curiatian. ʻAe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kāohi i kona waimaka. Ua aloha ʻo ia iā ia. No ia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o Roma.
Ua piha kona kaikunane i ka huhū: pehea ʻo ia e kau ai i ke aloha i ke kāne ma mua o ke aloha iā Roma! A pepehi ʻo ia i kona kaikuahine.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Warrior e hoʻokolokolo. Akā ʻo kona makuakāne, ʻo Camilla kāna kaikamahine, ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kāna pale ʻana! Noi ʻo ia i ka ʻaha e kala iā Horace, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokau i ke kuleana i ka Motherland ma mua o ke aloha i kona kaikuahine. A ua pono ʻo ia e pepehi iā ia ...
ʻAe, ʻokoʻa nā manawa, ʻokoʻa nā loina. Akā, e ʻike mākou he mea like kā mākou me lākou. I kēia manawa, manaʻo wau e ʻike i ka mea a David i hoʻoikaika ai a he aha ke ʻano o kāna hana.
Na wai i hoʻoikaika iā Jacques Louis David
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo David i ka ikaika kāne a me ka ʻuhane hakakā me ka palupalu wahine a me ke aloha i ka ʻohana.
Aia kēia ʻokoʻa ikaika loa i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi.
ʻO ke kāne "hapalua" o ke kiʻi i kūkulu ʻia ma nā laina pololei a me nā kihi ʻoi. Ua kikoo na kanaka, ua hookiekieia na pahikaua, ua kaawale na wawae. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona he pololei, hoʻopiʻi i kahi ākea.
A ʻo ka wahine "hapalua" he wai a maʻalahi. Noho nā wāhine, hoʻomaha, kākauʻia ko lākou mau lima i nā laina nalu. He haʻahaʻa lākou i ka nānā ʻana a, me he mea lā, ma kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa.
ʻIke pū mākou i nā kala. ʻO nā lole o nā kāne he mau kala ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele nā wahine.
I ka manawa like, he ascetic ka wahi a puni a ... kāne. ʻO nā kīleʻa papahele a me nā pio me nā kolamu Doric austere. ʻO David, me he mea lā, ua hoʻokūpaʻa i kēia ao ma lalo o ka makemake kāne. A e kū'ē i kēlāʻano kumu, uaʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka nāwaliwali o nā wāhine.
No ka manawa mua, hoʻomaka ʻo Titian e hoʻohana i ka hopena o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea kūʻē i kāna mau hana. 2,5 mau keneturia mamua o Davida.
Ua hoʻohana ka haku Renaissance i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka nani a me ka ʻino i kāna mau kiʻi pena me ka nani ʻo Danae a me ke kaikamahine hoʻopailua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia me ka mana o Poussin, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke ʻano o ka classicism i ka makahiki 1,5, XNUMX mau kenekulia ma mua o David.
Hiki iā mākou ke hui pū me nā koa Roma me ia, nāna i hoʻoikaika maikaʻi iā David me kā lākou poses e hana i ka "Oath of the Horatii" (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema).
No laila, kapa ʻia ke ʻano o David neoclassicism. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kūkulu ʻo ia i kāna mau kiʻi pena ma ka hoʻoilina kiʻi o Poussin a me ka ʻike honua o ka honua kahiko.
Ka wanana a Davida
No laila, hoʻomau ʻo David i ka hana a Poussin. Akā ma waena o Poussin a me David kahi hohonu - ka wā Rococo. A ʻo ia ka mea kūʻē loa o ka neoclassicism.
ʻO ka "Hoʻohiki o ka Horatii" ua lilo ia i kahawai ma waena o nā ao ʻelua: kāne a me ka wahine. ʻO ke ao o ke aloha, ka leʻaleʻa, ka maʻalahi a me ke ao koko, hoʻopaʻi, kaua.
ʻO David ka mea mua i manaʻo i ka loli e hiki mai ana o nā wā. A ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia i nā wahine palupalu i loko o kahi honua kāne paʻa ʻole.
ʻO kēia ka mea i pena ʻia ma mua o ka "Oath of the Horatii". ʻO kēlā mau laina maʻalahi a hawewe wale nō: ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka, nā moʻolelo hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā moʻolelo aloha.
A ʻo kēia ka mea ma hope: kipi, make, kumakaia, pepehi kanaka.
Ua wānana ʻo Dāvida i nā mea e hiki mai ana. He kaua a he poino. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kēia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻohana ʻelua: ʻo ka Horatii a me ka Curiatii. A he 5 mau makahiki ma hope o ka pena ʻana i kēia kiʻi, ua hiki mai kēia pōʻino i nā ʻohana āpau. Ua hoʻomaka ke kipi Farani.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pīhoihoi ka poʻe o kēia wā. Pehea ʻo David i hana ai i kahi hana i ka pō o ka Revolution? Ua manao lakou he kaula ia. A ua lilo kāna kiʻi pena i hōʻailona o ka hakakā no ke kūʻokoʻa.
ʻOiai ma mua, ua kākau ʻo David e kauoha iā Louis XVI. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia i pale iā ia mai ke koho balota ʻana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna mea kūʻai.
ʻAe, aia ka haku ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kipi. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēlā. He wanana mau loa kona pena. No ka nui o ko kakou hoao ana, he cyclical ka moolelo. A ke alo nei mākou i kahi koho hou a hou.
ʻAe, ʻike ko kākou honua i kēia manawa i ka waiwai o ka ʻohana. Akā ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua ʻike mākou i ka weliweli loa o ke koho. Ke kūʻē ka makua kāne i ke keiki, a kūʻē ke kaikaina i ke kaikaina.
No laila, hoʻonanea ke kiʻi i ko mākou naʻau. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou i nā hopena o kahi koho weliweli. E like me nā moʻolelo o nā kūpuna. No laila, pili ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana Horatii iā mākou. ʻOiai ua ola kēia poʻe he 27 mau kenekulia aku nei.
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