"Ka lā hope o Pompeii" Bryullov. No ke aha kēia mea hana nui?

ʻIke ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "The Last Day of Pompeii" i nā mea a pau. No ka mea, ua hōʻike ʻia ka make ʻana o kēia kūlanakauhale kahiko e Karl Bryullov (1799-1852)

No laila ua ʻike ka mea pena i kahi lanakila kupaianaha. ʻO ka mua ma ʻEulopa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua pena ʻo ia i ke kiʻi ma Roma. Ua puni ka poʻe Italia i kona hōkele no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke akamai. Noho ʻo Walter Scott ma ke kiʻi no kekahi mau hola, me ke kahaha nui.

A he mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka mea e hana nei ma Rūsia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hana ʻo Bryullov i kahi mea i hoʻokiʻekiʻe koke i ka hanohano o ka pena pena Lūkini i kahi kiʻekiʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia!

Ua hele ka lehulehu e nānā i ke kiʻi i ke ao a me ka pō. Ua hāʻawiʻiaʻo Bryullov i kahi hālāwai pilikino me Nicholas I. Ua paʻa paʻa ka inoa inoa "Charlemagne" ma hope ona.

ʻO Alexandre Benois wale nō, he mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana kaulana o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20, i ʻaʻa e hoʻohewa iā Pompeii. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohewa nui ʻo ia: "Ka maikaʻi ... ʻO ka pena ʻana no nā mea ʻono a pau ... Ka leo leo nui ... Nā hopena ..."

No laila he aha ka mea i hahau i ka hapa nui a hoʻonāukiuki nui iā Benoit? E ho'āʻo kākou e noʻonoʻo.

Ma hea i loaʻa mai ai ʻo Bryullov i ka manaʻo?

I ka makahiki 1828, noho ʻo Bryullov ʻōpio a hana i Roma. Ma mua koke o kēia, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻeli ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale ʻekolu i make ma lalo o ka lehu o Vesuvius. ʻAe, ʻekolu o lākou. Pompeii, Herculaneum a me Stabiae.

No ʻEulopa, he mea kupaianaha kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma mua o kēlā, ua ʻike ʻia ke ola o ka poʻe Roma kahiko mai nā hōʻike i kākau ʻia. A eia ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale ʻekolu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā kenekulia 3! Me nā hale a pau, nā frescoes, nā luakini a me nā halepaku lehulehu.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā Bryullov ke hele i kēlā hanana. A hele i ke kahua ʻeli. I kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Pompeii. Pihoihoi ka mea pena i ka mea āna i ʻike ai a kokoke koke ʻo ia e hana.

Ua hana pono ʻo ia. 5 makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o kona manawa ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea, nā kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO ka hana pono'ī he 9 mahina.

Bryullov-palapala palapala

ʻOiai ka "theatricality" a Benois i ʻōlelo ai, he nui ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kiʻi o Bryullov.

ʻAʻole i haku ʻia ka wahi hana e ka haku. Aia kekahi alanui ma ka ʻīpuka Herculaneus ma Pompeii. A ke kū nei nā ʻōpala o ka luakini me nā alapiʻi.

A ua aʻo pilikino ka mea pena i ke koena o ka poʻe make. A loaʻa iā ia kekahi o nā koa ma Pompeii. Eia kekahi laʻana, he wahine make e pūliki ana i kāna mau kaikamāhine ʻelua.

Ma kekahi o nā alanui, ʻike ʻia nā huila o ke kaʻa a me nā mea hoʻonaninani i hoʻopuehu ʻia. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻo Bryullov e hōʻike i ka make ʻana o kahi Pompeian hanohano.

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pakele ma luna o ke kaʻa, akā na ka haʻalulu o lalo o ka honua i hoʻokuʻu ai i kahi pōhaku pōhaku mai ke kahua ala, a holo ka huila i loko. Hōʻike ʻo Bryullov i ka manawa pōʻino loa. Ua hāʻule ka wahine mai ke kaʻa aku a make. A ʻo kāna pēpē, e ola ana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana, uē i ke kino o ka makuahine.

Ma waena o nā iwi i ʻike ʻia, ua ʻike pū ʻo Bryullov i kahi kahuna pagan nāna i hoʻāʻo e lawe i kāna waiwai me ia.

Ma luna o ke kāwele, hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia i ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i nā ʻano no nā hana pean. Ua hana ʻia lākou i nā metala makamae, no laila ua lawe ke kahuna me ia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e nānā i kahi mālamalama maikaʻi loa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi kahuna pule Kalikiano.

Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike iā ia ma ke keʻa ma kona umauma. Nānā wiwo ʻole ʻo ia iā Vesuvius huhū. Inā ʻoe e nānā pū iā lākou, maopopo ke kūʻē kūʻē ʻo Bryullov i ka hoʻomana Kalikiano i ka paganism, ʻaʻole i makemake i ka hope.

"Pono" e hiolo ana na hale o ke kii. Wahi a ka poʻe lua pele ua hōʻike ʻo Bryullov i kahi ōlaʻi o 8 mau helu. A hilinaʻi loa. Penei ka nahaha ana o na hale i ka haalulu o ia ikaika.

Ua noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻia ke kukui o Bryullov. ʻO ka pele o Vesuvius e hoʻomālamalama i ke kua, e hoʻopiha i nā hale me ka ʻulaʻula e like me ke ahi.

I kēia hihia, hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka mua e ke kukui keʻokeʻo mai kahi uila uila. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa ka mea hohonu loa ka lewa. A hilinaʻi i ka manawa like.

Bryullov, luna ho'okele keaka

Akā i ke kiʻi o nā kānaka, pau ka hilinaʻi. Eia ʻo Bryullov, ʻoiaʻiʻo, mamao loa mai ka realism.

He aha kā mākou e ʻike ai inā ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o Bryullov? He haunaele a me ka pandemonium.

ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia ʻano. E ʻike mākou iā lākou i ke kūpono a hoʻomaka: nā wāwae, nā lima, e moe kekahi ma luna o kekahi. Ua haumia paha lākou i ka ʻehu a me ka lepo. A e wiliwili ʻia nā helehelena me ka weliweli.

A he aha kā mākou e ʻike ai ma Bryullov? Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūʻulu koa i ʻike mākou i kēlā me kēia o lākou. ʻOiai i mua o ka make, nani ke Akua.

Paʻa maikaʻi kekahi i ka lio hanai. Uhi nani kekahi i kona poʻo me nā kīʻaha. Paʻa maikaʻi kekahi i kahi mea aloha.

ʻAe, nani lākou e like me nā akua. ʻOiai i ka piha ʻana o ko lākou mau maka i ka waimaka mai ka ʻike ʻana o ka make kokoke mai.

Akā ʻaʻole i kūpono nā mea āpau e Bryullov i kēlā ʻano. ʻIke mākou i hoʻokahi kanaka e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i nā kālā hāʻule. Ke noho liʻiliʻi nei i kēia manawa.

ʻAe, he hana keaka kēia. He pōʻino kēia, ʻoi aku ka nani. Ma keia Benoit ua pololei. Akā ʻo ka mahalo wale nō i kēia hana keaka ʻaʻole mākou e huli aʻe me ka weliweli.

Hāʻawi ka mea pena kiʻi iā mākou i ka manawa e aloha ai i kēia poʻe, akā ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui i ke kekona e make lākou.

He moʻolelo nani kēia ma mua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo paʻakikī. He nani loa. ʻAʻole pili i ka ʻōlelo hōʻino.

Pilikino i ka "The Last Day of Pompeii"

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻike pilikino o Bryullov ma ke kiʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i hoʻokahi maka o nā mea nui a pau o ka canvas. 

Ma nā makahiki likeʻole, me nā'ōlelo likeʻole, akāʻo kēia ka wahine hoʻokahi -ʻo Countess Yulia Samoilova, ke aloha o ke ola o ka mea pena Bryullov.

Ma keʻano he hōʻike o ka like, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻohālikelike i nā heroines me ke kiʻi o Samoilova, kahi e kau nei Hale Hōʻikeʻike Lūkini.

Ua hui lākou ma Italia. Ua kipa pu aku makou i na neoneo o Pompeii. A laila ua hoʻomau ko lāua aloha no 16 mau makahiki lōʻihi. Ua kūʻokoʻa ko lāua pilina: ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻae ʻo ia a me ia e lawe ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Ua hoʻokō ʻo Bryullov e mare i kēia manawa. Ua hemo koke ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o 2 mau mahina. Ma hope wale nō o ka male ʻana, ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea huna weliweli o kāna wahine hou. ʻO kāna mea aloha ʻo ia kona makuakāne ponoʻī, ka mea i makemake e noho ma kēia kūlana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ma hope o kēlā haʻalulu, ʻo Samoilova wale nō i hōʻoluʻolu i ka mea pena.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale mau lākou i ka makahiki 1845, i ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai ʻo Samoilova e mare i kahi mea mele opera maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka hauʻoli o kona ʻohana. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua make kāna kāne i ka ʻai.

Ua mare ʻo ia iā Samoilova no ke kolu o ka manawa wale nō me ka manaʻo e loaʻa hou ka inoa o ka countess, i nalowale iā ia ma muli o kāna male ʻana i ka mea mele. I kona ola a pau, ua malama nui oia i kana kane, aole noho pu me ia. No laila, ua make ʻo ia me ka ʻilihune loa.

ʻO ka poʻe i ola maoli ma ka canvas, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā Bryullov iā ia iho. Ma ke ʻano o kahi mea pena kiʻi e uhi ana i kona poʻo me kahi pahu o nā pulupulu a me nā pena.

Hōʻuluʻulu. No ke aha ʻo "The Last Day of Pompeii" kahi hana nui

He mea nui ka "La Hope o Pompeii" ma nā ʻano āpau. He kāwele nui - 3 me 6 mika. Kakini o nā huapalapala. Nui nā kikoʻī e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka moʻomeheu Roma kahiko.

ʻO "The Last Day of Pompeii" kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi pōʻino, i haʻi ʻia me ka nani a me ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻokani nā kiʻi i kā lākou ʻāpana me ka haʻalele. ʻO nā hopena kūikawā ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. He phenomenal ke kukui. He hale keaka ia, akā he hale keaka ʻoihana.

Ma ka pena Lūkini, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i hiki ke pena i kahi pōʻino e like me ia. Ma ka pena kiʻi Western, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo "Pompeii" me "The Raft of the Medusa" na Géricault.

ʻAʻole hiki iā Bryullov iā ia iho ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kāna iho. Ma hope o "Pompeii" ʻaʻole i hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi haku hana like. ʻOiai e ola ʻo ia i 19 mau makahiki hou ...

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