Nā hōʻailona o ka mokuʻāina a me nā laʻana gula

ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea gula maʻamau e pili ana i kahi lilo nui. No nā kenekulia, ua lilo ia i mea waiwai nui - he hōʻailona ia o ka mana, waiwai a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kaiāulu. He maʻalahi loa ke gula maʻemaʻe, no laila, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea gula e hana i nā mea nani, ʻo ia hoʻi. he hui ʻana o ke gula maʻemaʻe a me nā metala ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa ana nā ʻano gula like ʻole. Ma ka ʻatikala aʻe, e wehewehe mākou i ke ʻano o kahi laʻana gula a wehewehe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mokuʻāina. 

Hoao gula 

Hoao gula e hoʻoholo i ka ʻike o ke gula maʻemaʻe i loko o ka huila kahi i hana ʻia ai nā mea nani. ʻElua mau ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ke gula i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO ka mua ʻōnaehana metric, kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka ʻike metala ma ka ppm. No ka laʻana, he fineness o 0,585 'o ia hoʻi, he 58,5% ke gula o ka mea. Ka lua ʻōnaehana caratkahi i anaia ai ka maikai o ke gula ma na carats. Ua manaʻo ʻia he gula maʻemaʻe he 24 carats, no laila he 14% gula maʻemaʻe i 58,3 carat gula. Aia i kēia manawa ʻehiku mau hoʻokolohua gula ma Polani a he mea pono e ʻike ʻaʻole he mau hoʻokolohua waena. No laila he aha nā ho'āʻo gula nui? 

Hōʻike PPM:

999 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 99,9% gula maʻemaʻe.

960 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 96,0% gula maʻemaʻe.

750 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 75,0% gula maʻemaʻe.

585 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 58,5% gula maʻemaʻe.

500 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 50,0% gula maʻemaʻe.

375 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 37,5% gula maʻemaʻe.

333 hōʻoia - aia ka mea i 33,3% gula maʻemaʻe.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke gula ʻaʻole ia he pilikia nui iā ʻoe - pono e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka huahana. Hana ʻia kēia i ʻole e alakaʻi hewa ʻia ka mea kūʻai aku e ka mea kūʻai pono ʻole. Ua kaha ʻia ka laʻana gula me ka helu mai 0 a 6, kahi: 

• 0 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 999,

• 1 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 960,

• 2 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 750,

• 3 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 585,

• 4 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 500,

• 5 'o ia ho'i e ho'ā'o iā 375,

• 6 - hoao 333.

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā hōʻike gula ma nā wahi paʻakikī, no laila inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hōʻailona, ​​​​e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i kahi mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole mea kūʻai aku e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka hōʻike gula.

Nā hōʻailona mokuʻāina

hōʻino he hōʻailona kūhelu i pale ʻia e ke kānāwai e hōʻoia ana i ka ʻike o ka metala makamae i loko o ka huahana. No laila, inā makemake mākou e hana i nā huahana mai ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā a hoʻolālā e kūʻai aku iā lākou ma Polani, pono lākou e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā peʻa mokuʻāina.

E loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pākaukau gula nani maanei.

He aha ke ʻano gula e koho ai?

ʻO nā laʻana gula kaulana loa he 585 a me 333. Loaʻa iā lāua nā kākoʻo a me nā hoa paio. Hoao 585 ua oi aku ke gula maemae, nolaila ua oi aku ke kumu kuai. Ma muli o ka ʻike gula kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 50%), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea nani a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i nā ʻano ʻoki like ʻole a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, he metala waiwai loa ke gula e piʻi wale ana ka waiwai. gula hoao 333 ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ductile a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona kumukūʻai, akā hiki ke mae koke. He mea maikaʻi ke gula o kēia assay no nā mea nani o kēlā me kēia lā ma muli o kona kū'ē i ka pōʻino.

Pehea i aʻo ʻia ai nā laʻana gula i ka wā ma mua?

Aia i ka makahiki XNUMX BC ma Helene kahiko, ua nānā ʻia nā laʻana gula ma ke ʻano like me lākou i kēia lā. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe - i ka III kenekulia BC, ua nānā ʻo Archimedes i ka lei aliʻi gula o Hiero, e hoʻoinu iā ia i ka wai a hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o ka wai i hoʻoneʻe ʻia me ka nui o ka lei aliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe Helene. ua ʻike lākou i ka manaʻo o ka nui metala, 'o ia hoʻi, ka ratio o ka nuipaʻa o ka metala me ka leo e noho ai.

ʻO ke gula kekahi o nā metala makamae loa, no laila e hoʻāʻo pinepine nā mea kūʻai aku e scam. Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e aʻo pehea e nānā i ka hōʻoia o ke gula a kūʻai aku i nā mea i hōʻoia ʻia. hale kūʻai mea kūʻai.