Nā Kiʻi Kiʻi: Moʻolelo, Nā Hoʻolālā a me nā Mea Kiʻi

1. Hoʻoponopono
2. Nā Styles
3. mea hoikeike

Ma kēia ʻatikala, ʻimi mākou i ka mōʻaukala, nā ʻano, a me nā mea pena kiʻi o ke ʻano kiʻi kiʻi.

ʻIke koke ʻia ma muli o ka maikaʻi o nā laina a me ke ʻano, hiki ke kuhi hewa ʻia nā peʻa kiʻi no nā kiʻi ʻili maʻalahi. Me nā kumu hohonu i ka wā kahiko o ke kanaka, mai ka primitivism a hiki i ka modernism, ʻike mākou i ka mōʻaukala, nā ʻano a me nā mea pena kiʻi i hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana pena a me nā ʻano like ʻole e hana i kā lākou mau hana.

Moʻolelo o nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi

Nui nā neʻe ʻokoʻa o ka mōʻaukala o ke kaha kiʻi i hoʻomau i kēia ʻano hana ma ke poʻo o ke kiʻi maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, no ka nui o nā mea pena kiʻi, nā ʻenehana, a me nā pōʻaiapili mōʻaukala i lilo i ʻāpana o ke ʻano peʻa kiʻi, ua hōʻike mākou i nā ʻano kaulana loa o kēia ʻano. Ua hoʻokomo mākou i ke ʻano kālai a me ke kalai ʻana, nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, nā kiʻi kiʻi mua o Old Masters no nā hana haku, Abstract Expressionism, German Expressionism, a me nā mea hou aku. Nui nō hoʻi nā ʻano hana like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻano peʻa kiʻi. Hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inika ma muli o ke ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano i makemake ʻia. Ua ho'āʻo mākou e hoʻokomo i nā ʻano like ʻole e hana ai nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia ʻano, akā me nā ʻono pilikino a me nā manaʻo i ka noʻonoʻo, ʻaneʻane palena ʻole nā ​​koho!

He 40,000 mau makahiki ka nui o ke kii pōhaku kahiko. Me he mea lā ua like ka wā kahiko o ka hōʻike ʻana iā ia iho e like me ke kanaka, a ʻoiai ʻoe e manaʻo nei he maʻalahi kēia mau kiʻi pena, ʻaʻole mamao loa lākou. ʻO nā kiʻi pena bison ma ke ana ʻo Altamira, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 20,000 2011 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he kikoʻī loa a hōʻike. Ke hōʻike nei i ke ʻano o ka holoholona ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka cubism, he mea weliweli lākou i ko lākou wā hou. Hiki ke'ōlelo likeʻia e pili ana i ka Chauvet Cave, kahi i kiʻiʻia ai kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni na Werner Herzog i ka 30,000. ʻO ke ana ʻo Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Farani, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa i mālama ʻia o nā kiʻi pōhaku mai kahi o XNUMX,XNUMX mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana, ka maikaʻi o nā laina, ka waiho ʻana o nā puaʻa kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nani loa o ke kiʻi kanaka. A ʻoiai he mamao loa ia mai kahi peʻa kiʻi kiʻi, hōʻike nā ana i ka intuitive a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kēia ʻano i ke kanaka.

ʻOiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mana o ke kiʻi pōhaku ma Cubism, Abstract Expressionism a me nā mea hou aʻe, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kiʻi mua, i hui pū ʻia me nā manaʻo hoʻolālā, a i ʻole i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi kiʻi pena. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o lākou e nā mea kiʻi kiʻi i mea hoʻoikaika no kā lākou hana. E lawe, no ka laʻana, ʻo Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. He kiʻi kiʻi āna i hana ai ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 15 e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana kūpono o ke kanaka e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e Vitruvius, he mea kālai Roma kahiko. ʻAʻole wale ke kiʻi, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo o ka geometry kapu i ka hana kiʻi ma muli o kona kumu a me nā ʻano. No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ka kiʻi e loaʻa pinepine nā ʻano hōʻike, hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hopu ʻana i nā manaʻo a me nā hanana, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he kōkua ʻike no ka hoʻolaha. ʻIke loa, ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka pahupaʻikiʻi i ka makahiki 1816, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke lawe a hana hou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ke kaha kiʻi, a no laila ua ulu nā ʻano he nui a puni ka honua.

Nā ʻano a me nā mea pena kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi

ʻO ke ʻano etching a me ke kalai ʻana i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻeleʻele he ʻāpana maoli ia o ka peʻa kiʻi. Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻoki lāʻau no kēia ʻohana. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻo nā kiʻi kiʻi o ka huahana i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa nā kaha kiʻi ma ke ʻano he hana mua i ka hana ʻana i kahi hana kikoʻī. ʻO Odd Tattooist, ʻo Aaron Aziel lāua ʻo Franco Maldonado kekahi mau mea pena i hoʻohana pinepine i kēia ʻano laina koʻikoʻi i kā lākou hana. Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka hana a Goya, Gustave Doré, a i ʻole Albrecht Dürer, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hiʻohiʻona surreal a ʻeleʻele paha ma muli o nā makemake pilikino o ka mea pena kiʻi. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka poʻe kiʻi kiʻi i kēia ʻano o ka peʻa kiʻi kiʻi i nā nila laina maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻenehana kaha kiʻi e like me ka hatching cross, hatching parallel, a i kekahi mau wā liʻiliʻi. He mea maikaʻi kēia mau laina laina kūikawā no ka hana hou ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hulu a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā kiʻi i kālai ʻia a i kālai ʻia paha.

ʻO nā mea pena kiʻi kiʻi i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kahakaha ʻana a me ke kahakaha ʻana e hāʻule pinepine i ka ʻāpana Blackwork a i ʻole Dark Art. Akaka loa ke kumu; ʻO nā mea kiʻi kiʻi a me nā haku o ka wā ma mua i hoʻohuli i kēia mau hana i makemake pinepine i ka esoteric philosophy, alchemy a me ka kilokilo. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona, ​​nā daimonio, a me nā mea moʻokalaleo ma nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻo kēia mau mea hana kiʻi i hoʻokumu nui ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele a hina. ʻO Alexander Grim kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kēia. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea pena kiʻi e like me Derek Noble i ke kala, akā he mau leo ​​hohonu loa e like me ke koko ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka ʻalani ʻālohilohi. Hoʻoulu ʻia kekahi mau mea pena e like me Christian Casas e nā manaʻo like a makemake lākou e hahai i nā ʻano like ʻole; Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Dark Art a me Neo Traditional, ʻo Casas ke ʻimi nei i kahi peʻa kiʻi wiwo ʻole.

ʻO kekahi ʻano peʻa kiʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka German Expressionism, kahi aesthetic i hoʻomaka i mua o ke Kaua Honua Mua a piʻi i ka 1920s. ʻO Egon Schiele paha kekahi o nā mea pena kiʻi koʻikoʻi o kēia au a me ka neʻe ʻana, i make i ka makahiki ʻōpio ʻo 28 i ka makahiki 1918. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoulu ʻia kāna kōpili i nā mea hana kiʻi he nui me nā mea pena kiʻi Korea ʻo Nadia, Lizo a me Panta Choi. . ʻO kahi ʻāpana paha o ka hana hoʻopiʻi kiʻi maikaʻi e pā nei i ke kaiāulu peʻa, kūpono ka laina lahilahi no nā laina hōʻike a nā mea pena e like me Schiele a me Modigliani. Aia kekahi mau mea pena kiʻi i hoʻoulu ʻia e kēia neʻe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pena e like me Ernst Ludwig Kirchner a me Käthe Kollwitz i kaulana no kā lākou paʻi kupaianaha. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau peʻa i nā laina ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, akā ʻo nā hoʻolālā e hoʻopuka nei i ka neʻe ikaika, e like me nā peʻa laina lahilahi.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hana noʻeau a pau, akā pili pili ka ʻōlelo abstract, cubism a me fauvism ma ke ʻano o ke kala, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano, akā ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou kona mana ponoʻī i ka peʻa kiʻi. ʻO nā mea pena kiʻi i loko o kēia mau neʻe ʻana e like me Picasso, Willem de Koonig a me Cy Twombly i hana i nā hana i manaʻo nui ʻia a ʻoluʻolu loa. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻano abstract, nā neʻe laina wikiwiki, a i kekahi manawa nā huaʻōlelo, nā kino a me nā maka, hoʻomau kēia mau mea pena a me kā lākou neʻe ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻohi a me nā mea pena. Ua kope ʻo Aykhan Karadag, me Carlo Armen lāua ʻo Jeff Seyferd i nā kiʻi pena a Picasso a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia kona ʻano wiwo ʻole a me ke ʻano me kā lākou iho. ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi Parisian ʻo Maison Matemose he mea pena kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, e like me ka mea pena Korea ʻo Gong Greem, nāna e hoʻohana i nā waihoʻoluʻu a me nā ʻano like me Kandinsky. Kaʻana like nā mea pena e like me Servadio a me Rita Salt i kahi laina o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i huki ʻia mai nā kumu primitivist o ka ʻōlelo a me ka abstraction. He kiʻi maʻamau kā lākou hana, akā ʻo ia ka nani o ka hana kiʻi: hoʻonui mau ʻia e ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka mea pena.

Ua hoʻoikaika nā kiʻi Kepanī a me Kina i nā kiʻi kiʻi a puni ka honua no nā kenekulia. Ma kēia māhele wale nō he nui nā ʻano like ʻole. Nānā pinepine nā laina Calligraphic i ka nani a me ka manawaleʻa, akā e hōʻike pono i ke kumuhana i koho ʻia. Hoʻohana ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo Nadia i kēia ʻano, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaupaona laina ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano kikoʻī e hana ai i kāna hana. ʻO Irezumi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hopena nui hoʻi i ka peʻa kiʻi. ʻO kēia mau peʻa Iapana i huki nui i ko lākou nani mai nā paʻi ukiyo-e o ka wā Edo. ʻO nā outline, nā hiʻohiʻona paʻa, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona nā hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa mau i kēia mau paʻi. ʻOiai i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hoʻolālā Kepanī he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maikaʻi, me he mea lā ua huki ka mea pena i ka peni ma ka ʻili. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano, a i kekahi manawa ke kala, he mea nui kēia outline. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai nā kiʻi a paʻa i ka puaʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻenehana kiʻi no ka nani wale nō, aia nā kumu e hana ai nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia ala. Me nā peʻa Kepanī e hōʻike ana i nā chrysanthemums, nā kimono nani nani, a i ʻole nā ​​unahi deragona he nui, e maʻalahi iā lākou me ka laulā ākea. ʻO kekahi mau mea pena kiʻi e hana nei ma kēia ʻano o ka peʻa kiʻi kiʻi ʻo Chris Garver, Henning Jorgensen, Ami James, Mike Rubendall, Sergei Buslaev, Lupo Horiokami, Rion, Brindi, Luca Ortiz, Dancin a me Wendy Pham.

Ke nānā koke nei iā Irezumi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mana o Neo Traditional, kekahi ʻano o ka peʻa kiʻi. ʻAʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā paʻi like ʻo Ukiyo-e Irezumi wale nō, akā e nā ʻano Art Nouveau a me Art Deco. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ke ʻano Art Nouveau e ka hoʻohana ʻana o Iapana i ke ʻano ma ke ʻano he manaʻo, a me nā laina curved maikaʻi e hoʻolālā i nā kiʻi, nā helehelena, a me nā mea kanu. Ua ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka nani o Art Nouveau ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā mea hana Kepani nāna i hoʻoikaika iā ia, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana o ke kumu, filigree, a me ka hoʻonani ʻana i ka hana a nā mea pena pena ʻo Hannah Flowers, Miss Juliet, a me Anthony Flemming. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea pena kiʻi e hele ma mua o ke ʻano kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi e nānā nani loa, e like me Aimee Cornwell, akā naʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i ka ʻula o nā mea pena kiʻi nouveau. ʻO kekahi mau haku akamai e like me Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt a me Aubrey Beardsley; ua nui ka hana hou ana o ka lakou hana i ka inika.

ʻAʻole ʻo Neo-traditional wale nō ke ʻano peʻa kiʻi i hoʻopili ʻia e Irezumi a me Ukiyo-e. Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka animation Iapana, me ka mōʻaukala waiwai ponoʻī ma nā ʻāina ʻē ma o nā hoʻololi Western, dubs, a me nā pūnaewele i hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i ka anime no kā lākou papahana ponoʻī. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Toonami, ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he lā a me ke ahiahi ma Cartoon Network, e like me Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Outlaw Star, a me Gundam Wing. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nō hoʻi i ka materialization o nā studio animation akamai loa e like me Studio Ghibli. ʻOiai i kēia manawa, noi ʻia nā mea pena kiʻi he nui e hana hou i nā kiʻi mai ka anime a me ka manga, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ke kula hou. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Kepani wale nō i nā ʻano peʻa kiʻi, akā pū kekahi me nā mele honua a me nā moʻolelo kiʻi. Ua lilo ʻo Marvel superheroes i mea makemake nui loa, a mai ka makahiki 90, ʻo nā peʻa ʻo Disney e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻi punahele a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona i maʻa mau i waena o nā mea hōʻiliʻili. He maʻalahi ke ʻike i ke kumu; Hoʻohana ʻia nā peʻa no ka poʻe e hōʻike i kā lākou makemake… ʻo ka anime, manga, comics, a me Pixar e loaʻa i kekahi o nā mea aloha makemake nui e pena i ko lākou ʻili. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā anime a me nā comics i huki mua ʻia… a ʻoiai he nui nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā puke i hana kamepiula i kēia mau lā, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā laina e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano kiʻi o ka peʻa.

ʻO kekahi ʻano peʻa hoʻohālike ʻo Chicano. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka nui o nā hana ma kēia ʻano he mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i kona mana a me kona kumu. Ma muli o kona mau aʻa i ka penikala a me ke kiʻi pōpō, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka stylistically, hoʻohui ka hana kiʻi i kēia mau ʻenehana me kahi moʻomeheu waiwai nui. ʻOiai ua kamaʻāina ka poʻe he nui i ka hana a Frida Kahlo lāua ʻo Diego Rivera, ʻo nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe e like me Jesus Helguera, Maria Izquierdo a me David Alfaro Siqueiros i poʻokela hoʻi i ka hana kiʻi Mexican. ʻO kā lākou hana, a me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Hema, i kālele nui ʻia i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hakakā politika, nā hiʻohiʻona ʻohana, a me nā kiʻi o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope mai, ua puka mai nā ʻano stylistic hou i hoʻopili pololei ʻia e ke ola ma hope o nā kaola. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka hale paʻahao a i ʻole ma nā barrios e kū nei i ka ʻāina ʻo Los Angeles, ua huki pololei nā mea pena kiʻi mai ko lākou mau ʻike ola ponoʻī, e like me kā lākou mau mea kahiko. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola pūʻulu, nā wahine maikaʻi, nā kaʻa nani me nā leka filigree a me nā keʻa Katolika i ulu koke mai nā kiʻi kiʻi lima e like me ka peni peni i hoʻonani ʻia i nā mīkina lima a me nā lole moe i kapa ʻia ʻo Paños i nā peʻa kiʻi kiʻi. Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe paʻahao i ke akamai loa e hōʻuluʻulu i ka mīkini peʻa homemade a, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻīnika ʻeleʻele a polū wale nō i loaʻa iā lākou, e hōʻike i ka mea a lākou i ʻike maikaʻi ai. Aia ʻo Chuco Moreno, ʻo Freddie Negrete, ʻo Chui Quintanar a me Tamara Santibanez ma ke alo o ka peʻa ʻo Chicano hou.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, loaʻa i kahi peʻa kiʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā moʻomeheu, nā moʻolelo a me nā manaʻo. ʻO ka nani o kēia ʻano o ka peʻa ʻo ia wale nō ke hōʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laina; inā paha e kaha ʻia ka peʻa ma kahi ʻāpana pepa ma kahi o ka ʻili, he kiʻi paha ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kekahi mau peʻa ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona, ka helu o nā ʻano, ʻoi aku ka mākaukau o ka mea pena...

By Justin Morrow