ʻO Maud Stevens Wagner, trapeze a me ka nila virtuoso

He paionia o ka peʻa peʻa hou, ua kōkua ʻo Maud Stevens Wagner i ka wahine o ka peʻa a me ka ʻoihana peʻa. I ka uhaki ʻana i nā code a me nā kapu o kēia ao i mālama ʻia no nā kāne no ka lōʻihi loa, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea pena kiʻi wahine ʻoihana mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i hala. He mea pena kiʻi a he kiʻi wahine, ua hōʻailona ʻo ia i ka mōʻaukala o ka peʻa me ka ʻīnika hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia. Kiʻi.

Maud Stevens Wagner: Mai Circus a hiki i ka Tattoo

Ma mua o Amy a ʻo Melissa a ʻo Ruby, aia ʻo Maude. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Young Maud Stevens ma 1877 ma Kansas a ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona wā kamaliʻi ma ka mahiʻai ʻohana. ʻAʻole i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka manaʻo o ka noho ʻana i kahi ola maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he wahine hale, ua koho ʻo ia i kahi ala kiʻi, lilo i mea pena trapeze a me kahi circus acrobat. Maikaʻi a ʻike ʻia, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻahaʻaina nui loa ma ka ʻāina.

Ma ka hele ʻana ma waena o Saint-Louis i ka makahiki 1904 i ka manawa o ka World Fair, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me Gus Wagner, ka mea i kapa haʻahaʻa iā ia iho "ʻo ke kanaka peʻa loa o ka honua", nāna e haʻalulu kona ola. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hele ʻana i ka moana, ua hoʻi kēia huakaʻi huakaʻi i uka me ke kino i uhi ʻia i nā peʻa. Me ka 200 mau kumu, hoʻokipa ia i nā malihini e ʻike iā ia me ka ʻike like me ke kāne ʻekolu wāwae a i ʻole ka wahine ʻumiʻumi.

E hāʻule ana ma lalo o ka manaʻo o kahi mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio ma waena o nā hana ʻelua, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi hana hoʻowalewale e lanakila ai kona puʻuwai. Akā no Maud, ʻaʻohe nīnau o ka ʻae ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana. He wahine puʻupaʻa me kekahi peʻa, e ʻae wale ʻo ia i kēia lā mua inā hoʻohiki ʻo ia e peʻa iā ia a aʻo iā ia i ke akamai. Ua ʻae ʻo Gus i ka ʻaelike a kaʻana like i kāna ʻike kula kahiko mai kāna huakaʻi me ia. ʻO ka ʻike, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ua lilo ka dermograph i mea kaulana, makemake ʻo Gus e hana i ke ʻano kahiko, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano "arm tattoo" a i ʻole "stick and poke tattoo", ʻo ia hoʻi, ke akamai o ka hana bitmap ma hope o kekahi. Peʻa kiko kiko. humuhumu lima, me ka hoʻohana ʻole i ka mīkini. Hoʻomaka mālie ʻo Maud i kāna kumu mua me kāna hoa e kākau ana i kona inoa ma kona lima hema. Aka naauao. E ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā peʻa inoa.

ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi kiʻi ʻoihana a me ka mea alakaʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā wahine

Ua haumia ʻo ia me kahi peʻa, ua male ʻo ia iā Gus i ka makahiki 1907 a hānau ʻo ia i kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi, ʻo Lotteva, i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope. ʻO ka wikiwiki loa, ʻo nā pepeke, nā liona, nā nahesa, nā manu, i ka pōkole, he bestiary holoʻokoʻa i waena o nā pua a me nā lāʻau pāma, i komo i kona kino holoʻokoʻa mai ka ʻāʻī a i ka manamana wāwae, ua hui pū me kāna peʻa mua. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Maud Wagner i ka nila a kāna kāne. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi peʻa, haʻalele i ka circus no nā peʻa, a laila lilo ʻo ia i mea pena kiʻi ʻAmelika mua i ʻike ʻia.

Hele ʻo Maude lāua ʻo Gus i nā mea hana kiʻi nomadic ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hōʻike i ko lāua kino, i lilo i mau hana noʻeau maoli. Inā pili kā lākou mau hōʻike i ka democratization o ka peʻa, e lilo nā pili i mea nui loa no Maud, ka mea, i loko o ka hui puritanical a conservative ʻAmelika o ke kenekulia i hala, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi kipi wahine liʻiliʻi maoli, e ʻaʻa ana e hoʻohiwahiwa i nā maka. ma ka laulā, ua ʻaʻahu liʻiliʻi ke kino a ua uhi ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻike, ua hoʻomau nā Wagneres i kā lākou mau hana ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, inā paʻa ke keonimana, no ka wahine, ʻoiai ʻo kāna kālena nui, ʻaʻole ʻo nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻīpuka. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka peʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea kāne a he mea paʻakikī i ka nui o lākou e noʻonoʻo i ka peʻa ʻana e ka wahine… ʻAe, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​talena nā mea āpau a ʻo nā clichés paʻakikī. No ke kuʻi iā lākou, hoʻoholo kekahi mau mea pena kiʻi i kahi hoʻopunipuni. I loko o nā palapala i hoʻolaha ʻia no ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo Maud e kapa ʻia ʻo "Mr. Stevens Wagner" e huki i nā mea kūʻai aku, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokuʻu aku kēia mau keonimana iā lākou iho i kā lākou mau manaʻo.

Ma hope o kona lilo ʻana i ʻoihana paʻa i ka honua peʻa i ka wā i make ai ʻo Gus i ka makahiki 1941, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana hana a hiki i kona make ʻana, 20 mau makahiki ma hope. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hana ʻo Maud i kahi tandem hou, i kēia manawa 100% wahine, e hāʻawi ana i nā hana hoʻopunipuni a pau o ka hana i kāna kaikamahine ʻo Lotteva, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hāʻawi i kēia hoʻoilina i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.