Chicano Tattoos: Roots, Cultural References, and Artists

1. Hoʻoponopono
2. Nā Styles
3. chicano

Ke nānā nei kēia alakaʻi i nā peʻa Chicano i nā aʻa mōʻaukala, nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, a me nā mea pena kiʻi i akamai i ka hana.

ʻO Payas, lush roses, Virgin Marys a me nā rosaries paʻakikī nā mea mua i hiki i ka noʻonoʻo ke noʻonoʻo ʻoe i nā peʻa Chicano. A ʻoiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ke ʻano, ʻo kēia hakina peʻa he hohonu e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mai ka mōʻaukala o Los Angeles a hiki i nā mea hana kahiko Aztec a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Katolika Roma, ʻo kēia alakaʻi i ka peʻa ʻo Chicano e nānā ʻaʻole wale i nā aʻa mōʻaukala, stylistic a me nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, akā ʻo nā mea pena kiʻi i akamai i ka hana.

Nā Moʻolelo Moʻolelo o ka Chicano Tattoo

ʻO nā leo maʻemaʻe o ka hina hina ke kaha nei i ke ala hoʻohālike i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka peʻa Chicano. Ma muli o kona mau aʻa i ka penikala a me ke kiʻi pōpō, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka stylistically, hoʻohui ka hana kiʻi i kēia mau ʻenehana me kahi moʻomeheu waiwai nui. ʻOiai he nui ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i ka hana a Frida Kahlo lāua ʻo Diego Rivera, ʻo nā mea pena ʻē aʻe e like me Jesus Helguera, Maria Izquierdo a me David Alfaro Siqueiros i poʻokela hoʻi i ka hana kiʻi kiʻi Mexican. ʻO kā lākou hana, a me nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika Hema, i kālele nui ʻia i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hakakā politika, nā hiʻohiʻona ʻohana, a me nā kiʻi o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOiai ua mamao loa kēia mau hana mai nā peʻa Chicano o kēia wā, ʻo nā haʻawina kiʻi a me nā ala kiʻi e hui pū ai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka surrealism e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka nui o nā kiʻi Chicano o kēia wā i ʻike ʻia.

E like me ka nui o nā hana noʻeau, hiki ke ʻaiʻē ʻia nā mea nani a me nā ʻenehana, akā ʻo ka mea kūikawā o kēia ʻano peʻa ʻo ia ka moʻomeheu a me nā mea i hala; Loaʻa i nā mea hana kiʻi Chicano kahi hoʻoilina noʻonoʻo a me ka politika. Me ka moʻolelo e pili ana i nā radical e like me Francisco Madero lāua ʻo Emiliano Zapata, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha mai ka Mexican Revolution a hiki i ka moʻomeheu Pachuco o nā makahiki 1940 a ma waho aʻe, ua loaʻa i nā palapala socio-political a me nā hana i ka hopena nui i ka peʻa Chicano hou. Ma mua o nā makahiki 40, i ka wā i hoʻohana ai nā ʻōpio ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me nā lālā o nā moʻomeheu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i ka Zoot Suits e hōʻike i ko lākou hauʻoli ʻole i ka politika a me ka politika kuʻuna ʻAmelika, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻōlelo stylistic artistic i mea hana pono. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā frescoes ma ke kamaʻilio dialectical e pili ana i ke kānāwai kīwila a me ke aupuni.

Nā Kūlana Kuʻuna ma Chicano Tattoos

ʻO ke kumu i manaʻo nui ai ka nui o ke kāʻei Chicano tattoo no ka mea. ʻO ka poʻe malihini i hele mai Mekiko i nā wahi o Texas a me Kaleponi, ua koi ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka racism, classism a me ka hoʻokae. ʻOiai ua hoʻoikaika nui kēia i ka poʻe malihini, ʻo ia hoʻi ua mālama ʻia kā lākou moʻomeheu a mālama mau ʻia no nā hanauna. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka 1920s a i ka 1940s, nui nā ʻōpio Chicano i hakakā i ke kūlana quo. I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia i ka haunaele Zoot i hoʻāla ʻia e ka make ʻana o kekahi kanaka Hepanika ʻōpio ma Los Angeles. He mea ʻole paha kēia i ke ʻano o ke kāʻei Chicano tattoo, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka mea mua a ʻaʻole ka hihia hope loa o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hōʻike o ka moʻomeheu. ʻAʻole ia he mea huna i ka hopena o ka nui o kēia paio i ka hopu ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka xenophobic o ke kaiāulu i nā malihini. ʻO kēia huli kālai'āina me ke kanalua i ka hopena koke i ka nani o Chicano.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka subculture pachuco, ua loli ke ola ma Los Angeles. Ua kālepa nā keiki i kā lākou lole Zoot no nā khaki a me nā bandana a ho'ākāka hou i ke ʻano o ka Chicano i kā lākou hanauna. Ua puka mai nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike i hoʻopili pololei ʻia e ke ola ma hope o nā kaola. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka hale paʻahao a i ʻole barrio e kāʻei ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Los Angeles, ua huki pololei nā mea pena kiʻi mai ko lākou mau ʻike ola. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola pūʻulu, nā wahine maikaʻi, nā kaʻa nani me nā leka filigree, a me nā keʻa Katolika mai nā kiʻi kiʻi lima e like me nā mīkina lima a me nā lole i kapa ʻia ʻo Paños i nā peʻa Chicano. Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe paʻahao i ke akamai loa e hōʻuluʻulu i ka mīkini peʻa homemade a, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻīnika ʻeleʻele a polū wale nō i loaʻa iā lākou, e hōʻike i ka mea a lākou i ʻike maikaʻi ai. E like me ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i makemake nui i ka hana peʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana i mea nona ke kino, e hōʻike aku ai, a e hōʻike ai i ka pili kokoke i nā mea kokoke loa.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea paʻakikī o ka Chicano tattoo iconography i ka mōʻaukala o ka haunaele lāhui a me ke kūʻokoʻa holomua i hiki ke paʻakikī i ka poʻe o waho ke hoʻomaopopo. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ka moʻomeheu West Coast a ua lawe ʻia ka nui o nā mea ancillary o ka aesthetic e ka hui nui, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a mahalo nui ʻia. ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me Mi Vida Loca a me ka nūpepa ʻo Teen Angels e hoʻokomo i ka ʻuhane o kahi ʻano i huki ʻia mai ka wā kahiko akā ʻo ia ka huahana maʻemaʻe o ke aloha a me ka makemake. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o nā hale kūʻai e like me Good Time Charlie's Tattooland a me nā mea pena e like me Freddy Negrete, nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kaiāulu ʻo Los Angeles Chicano mai nā makahiki 70 a hiki i kēia manawa, ua lawe mai i ka nani i ke poʻo o ke kaiāulu peʻa. ʻO Cholas, Payasas, Lowriders, nā palapala, nā waimaka e hōʻike ana i ka nalowale: ʻo kēia mau mea a me nā mea hou aku he ʻano o ke ola i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me nā peʻa Chicano. ʻO kēia mau hana noʻeau ke ʻano hohonu me ka poʻe o ke kaiāulu no ka mea, ua hoʻoulu ʻia lākou e ko lākou moʻolelo ponoʻī, ko lākou moʻolelo ponoʻī. ʻO kahi hōʻike i ka mana o kēia mau kiʻi ʻo ia ka ulu ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i kēia ʻano.

ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi Chicano

E like me ka nui o nā kiʻi kiʻi peʻa, he nui nā manaʻo hoʻolālā Chicano tattoo. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano o ka moʻomeheu Chicano. ʻO nā peʻa e hōʻike ana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi kumu nui o ka hopena o 1940s a me 50s i kūʻē i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane, pit bulls, dice a me nā papa kāleka, e kamaʻilio i ka nohona Los Angeles. ʻO nā peʻa e hōʻike ana i nā cholos me kā lākou pēpē "drive or die" he hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe e hoʻohui pinepine i ka mahalo o nā paʻahao no ka moʻomeheu kaʻa me ka makemake i kā lākou ipo ma waho. Malia paha ʻo ka Payasas, ʻo ia hoʻi ka "clown" ma ka ʻōlelo Sepania, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kiʻi kaulana loa i kēia ʻano. Hoʻoulu ʻia e nā masks dramatic a me ka hoʻomākeʻaka a lākou e like ai, pili kēia mau kiʻi i ke kaulike o ka paʻakikī a me ka hauʻoli i ke ola. ʻO ka ʻōlelo "E ʻakaʻaka i kēia manawa, e uē ma hope" pū kekahi me kēia mau hana. ʻO nā Puʻuwai Laʻa, ʻo Maria Puʻupaʻa, nā iwi koʻikoʻi, nā lima pule a me nā mea like, ʻo ia nā kiʻi āpau i ʻaiʻē ʻia mai ka waihona o nā hōʻailona a me nā haipule Katolika Roma; ʻike nui ʻia kēia hoʻomana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a ma kahi o 85% o ka heluna kanaka Mekiko e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokahi.

Nā mea pena kiʻi ma Chicano Tattooing

ʻO ka nui o nā mea pena kiʻi e hana ana ma ke ʻano ʻo Chicano tattoo he ʻāpana o ke kaiāulu Chicano ponoʻī. Aia kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoilina e paʻakikī ai ka hāʻawi ʻana; hiki ke paʻakikī ke hana hou i nā kiʻi inā ʻaʻohe ʻike maoli a pili pilikino. Eia nō naʻe, paʻa loa nā hoʻolālā i ka mōʻaukala o ka peʻa a ua nui nā mea pena i ʻike i ka nani a ke kōkua nei i ka mālama a hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka moʻomeheu peʻa. Aia ʻo Chuco Moreno, ʻo Freddie Negrete, ʻo Chui Quintanar a me Tamara Santibanez ma ke alo o ka peʻa ʻo Chicano hou. E like me kēlā me kēia kuhikuhi kiʻi, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea pena ke hana i loko o ke kāʻei o ka stylistic iconography, e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi paʻi hoʻokahi. Mai ka ʻeleʻele a me ka hina maoli i nā kiʻi kiʻi graphite a me ke ʻano kuʻuna Chicano kuʻuna ʻAmelika, hoʻohui ke kāʻei ʻo Chicano i nā ʻano he nui o ka moʻomeheu peʻa i kahi ʻano nani o nā ʻenehana a me nā kiʻi. ʻO nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe me kahi ʻano pilikino ʻokoʻa ʻo Freddy Negret, Mister Cartoon, El Whyner, Panchos Placas, Javier DeLuna, Jason Ochoa a me Jose Araujo Martinez. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili paʻa ka nui o kēia mau mea pena kiʻi i kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi ʻano, ua maopopo ka mahalo o kēlā me kēia i kā lākou moʻomeheu a me kāna ʻike. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia i kā lākou hana i mahalo nui ʻia.

He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i nā peʻa Chicano me ka ʻole o nā manaʻo mōʻaukala, politika a me ke akeakamai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana mōʻaukala a me ka socio-political i hana ʻia i ka wā i hala e pili pū ana i kēia lā. Akā ʻo ia kahi mea e hoʻonani ai ke ʻano. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka moʻomeheu ma o kēia ʻano hana noʻeau a hoʻomau i ka manaʻo i ka poʻe a puni ka honua.

By Justin Morrow