Gemstone sapphire - he hōʻiliʻili o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā sapphire

Sapphira He mea kupanaha ka hohonu o ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hanohano i ka poʻe kanaka a hoʻoulu i ka noʻonoʻo no nā kenekulia. ʻO nā mea nani me ka sapphire ka mea kaulana loa, a ʻo ka cashmere sapphi ka mea kūʻai nui loa. Aia ma lalo iho kekahi mau mea hoihoi e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i kēia pōhaku makamae maʻamau.

No ka huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko ka inoa. ʻO ka Sapphire ka corundum, no laila hiki ke hiki paakiki 9 Mosh. ʻO ia ka lua o ka mineral paʻakikī loa ma ka honua ma hope o ke daimana. ʻO ka inoa o ka mineral mai nā ʻōlelo Semitic a ʻo ia ka "pōhaku uliuli". ʻOiai aia kekahi mau aniani o ka sapphire ma ke ʻano, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa he mau aniani uliuli. ʻO ka hao a me ka titanium ion ke kuleana no ke kala. ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani, ʻo ia nā aka o ka cornflower blue, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka cashmere blue. Loaʻa ʻia nā sapphi keʻokeʻo a ʻalohilohi ma Polani. ʻoi aku ka nui ma Lower Silesia. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​minela i ʻeli maoli ʻia, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i ka synthetically i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.

ʻIke ʻia nā sapphires a ua hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia i nā papa pālua. Sapphira ʻo ia kekahi o nā pōhaku makamae kaulana loa. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano sapphires pleochroism (hoʻololi kala ma muli o ke kukui e hāʻule ana i ka mineral) a i ʻole ʻālohilohi (ke kukui o nā nalu māmā) i hoʻokumu ʻia e kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka wela). Hōʻike ʻia nā sapphires e ke alo asterism (star sapphire), he hiʻohiʻona ʻike i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana liiki o ka mālamalama e like me ke ʻano o ka hōkū. Ua wili ʻia kēia mau pōhaku a lilo i cabochons.

ʻO ka puka ʻana o nā sapphires

Loaʻa maoli nā sapphires i nā pōhaku igneous, ka mea maʻamau i nā pegmatites a me nā basalts. Ua loaʻa nā kristal he 20 kg ma Sri Lanka, akā ʻaʻohe waiwai o lākou. Ua ʻeli ʻia nā sapphires ma Madagascar, Cambodia, India, Australia, Thailand, Tanzania, USA, Russia, Namibia, Colombia, South Africa and Burma. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kahi aniani sapphire hōkū ʻo 63000 carats a i ʻole 12.6 kg ma Burma. Aia nā sapeira ma Polani, aia ma Lower Silesia wale nō. ʻO ka mea waiwai nui o lākou mai Kashmir a i ʻole Burma. Ma ka malu o ke kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻāina kumu o ka mineral. ʻO nā meaʻeleʻele mai Australia mai, he'ōmaʻomaʻo pinepine, aʻo nā mea māmā mai Sri Lanka mai, no ka laʻana.

Sapphire a me kona kala

ʻO ke kala i makemake nui ʻia a kaulana loa o ka sapphire he uliuli.. Mai ka lani a i ke kai. Hoʻopuni maoli ʻo Blue iā mākou. Ua lōʻihi ka waiwai no kona kala ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka sapphire uliuli maikaʻi i ka noʻonoʻo kanaka mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka hue ma muli o ka wahi, ka saturation o ka mea me ka hao a i ʻole ka titanium. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻoholo ai i ka waiwai o ka sapphire, a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa. He mea nui e hele mai i nā kala like ʻole, koe wale ka ʻulaʻula. Ke hui mākou i ka corundum ʻulaʻula, ke hana nei mākou me ka ruby. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā e ʻōlelo ai mākou i ka sapphire, ke manaʻo nei mākou he sapphire uliuli, ke makemake mākou e hōʻike e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i ka sapphire me kahi kala ʻē aʻe, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo fancy, pono mākou e ʻōlelo i ke kala a mākou e manaʻo nei. He kala melemele i kapa pinepine ʻia he gula, a ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha. Aia kekahi mau sapphi kala ʻole i kapa ʻia he leucoschafirs. ʻO nā mea uliuli wale nō he sapeira nani. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā sapphi polū nani, akā aia kekahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Padparadscha, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kala o ka lotus, ʻo ia wale nō ka sapphire nona kona inoa ponoʻī ma mua o ka ruby. He ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani i ka manawa like a hiki ke kūʻai nui ʻia.

Ua kaulana i kēia mau lā ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā sapphires e hana i kahi kala uliuli ʻoi aku ka maikaʻiakā naʻe, ʻo nā sapphires uliuli maoli ka mea waiwai nui, ʻaʻole lākou he māmā a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā sapphires kahi kala paʻa, e like me nā daimana, no laila ʻo ka loiloi o kēlā me kēia pōhaku he mea maʻamau a aia i ka mea kūʻai aku e hoʻoholo i ka sapphire ʻoi aku ka nani. Hiki i kekahi mau sapphires ke loaʻa i ka zoning kala ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā papa i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku. ʻO ia mau sapphires he māmā aʻeleʻele ke kala ma nā wahi likeʻole o ke aniani. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ʻia kekahi mau sapphi, e like me ka poni a me ka uliuli. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā ma mua, ua kapa ʻia nā sapphires nani, e like me nā minerala ʻē aʻe o ke kala like, me ka prefix "oriental", no ka laʻana, no ka sapphire ʻōmaʻomaʻo ua kapa ʻia ʻo oriental emerald. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i aʻa kēia nomenclature, ua nui nā hewa a no laila ua haʻalele ʻia.

Nā mea nani me nā sapphires

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka sapphire uliuli i ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani. I kēia mau lā, kaulana loa nā sapphi melemele, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia nā sapphi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli i nā mea nani. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā ʻano mea nani. Na apo mare, apo pepeiao, lei, kupee lima. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kikowaena a he pōhaku ʻē aʻe me nā pōhaku ʻē aʻe e like me nā daimana a i ʻole emeralds i nā apo hoʻopaʻa. Hiki i ka sapphire uliuli hohonu me ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa ke hiki i nā tausani kālā no ka carat, a ʻo nā pōhaku maʻamau a hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i ʻelua carats, ʻoiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā mea kaumaha. Ma muli o kona nui, e liʻiliʻi iki ka sapphire 1-carat ma mua o ke daimana 1-carat. Ua mana'o 'ia he 6 mm ke anawaena o ka sapphire XNUMX carat. No nā sapphires, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻokiʻoki nani a puni i kūpono. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ka wili wāwae. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā sapphi hōkū i ka cabochon, a ʻo nā sapphi ʻeleʻele i ʻoki ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nani o nā Sapphires i nā mea gula keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke apo gula keʻokeʻo me ka sapphire e like me ka pōhaku waena i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā daimana kekahi o nā ʻāpana nani loa. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea maikaʻi loa ia i kēlā me kēia kala gula.

ʻO ka hōʻailona a me nā mea kilokilo o nā sapphires

I ka wā kahiko Ua manaʻo ʻia nā sapphi me nā mana kilokilo. Wahi a ka poʻe Peresia, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pōhaku e hāʻawi i ka make ʻole a me ka ʻōpio mau loa. Ua manao ko Aigupita a me ko Roma, he pohaku kapu o ka pono a me ka oiaio. I ka Middle Ages, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā sapphires e kipaku aku i nā ʻuhane ʻino a me nā kilo. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ho'ōla i ka sapphire. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hakakā i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū, ka puʻuwai, nā puʻupaʻa a me ka ʻili a hoʻonui i nā hopena o nā lāʻau synthetic a me nā lāʻau kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka hopena mālie o ka uliuli i hoʻopaʻa mau ai. hōʻailona o ka hilinaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi. No kēia kumu, koho pinepine nā wāhine a puni ka honua i kēia pōhaku uliuli nani no kā lākou mau apo komo. He makana kēia i ka poʻe i hānau ʻia ma Kepakemapa, i hānau ʻia ma lalo o ka hōʻailona o Virgo, a e hoʻolauleʻa ana i kā lākou 5th, 7th, 10th a me 45th makahiki male. ʻO ke kala uliuli o ka sapphire ka makana kūpono, e hōʻailona ana i ka manaʻoʻiʻo a me ka paʻa paʻa ʻole i ka pilina o nā kānaka ʻelua. I ka Middle Ages, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sapphires e kāohi i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻōla i nā maʻi kūlohelohe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ivan the Terrible, ka Russian Tsar, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka ikaika, hoʻoikaika i ka naʻau a hāʻawi i ka wiwo ʻole. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Peresia ʻo ia ka pōhaku o ka make ʻole.

Sapphire ma ka hoomana Kristiano

Ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā hoʻomaikaʻi ka sapphire i ka noʻonoʻoʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka pule, e hoʻonui ai i ka pono. No kēia kumu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka pōhaku mōneka. Ua hui pū ʻo Sapphire i ka makemake o nā mea hanohano o ka hale pule. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Pope Gregory XV ʻo ia ka pōhaku o nā cardinals, a ma mua, ua kauoha ʻo Pope Innocent II i nā pīhopa e komo i nā apo sapphire ma ko lākou lima ʻākau i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou e pale aku i nā kāhuna mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a me nā ʻino o waho. Aia ka mineral ma ka Baibala. Ma ka Apocalypse o St. ʻO Ioane kekahi o nā pōhaku he ʻumikumamālua i hoʻonani i ka lani Ierusalema.

sapeira kaulana

Ua loli ka manawa, akā ʻo ka sapphire he mineral nani a makemake ʻia. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻoʻiʻo e hoʻōla ka pōhaku i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa a pale paha i kahi talisman maikaʻi ʻole, akā nui nā wahine e koho i kahi shaifr no kā lākou apo mare. ʻO kekahi o nā apo hoʻopaʻa kaulana loa ʻo Kate Middleton, nona mua e ke Kamāliʻiwahine Diana. ʻO ke gula keʻokeʻo, ʻo Ceylon sapphire waena i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā daimana. ʻO ka Blue Belle o Asia he 400 carat sapphire i mālama ʻia i loko o ka UK vault, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi lei ma 2014 a kūʻai ʻia no $22 miliona. Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻehā o ka nui o ka honua. A ʻo ka sapphire ʻokiʻoki nui loa o ka honua he gem i ʻeli ʻia ma Sri Lanka i ka makahiki ʻumikumamāhiku. Noho ka sapphire asterism nui loa i kēia manawa ma ka Smithsonian, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia e JPMorgana. ʻO ka sapphire nui loa i loaʻa i kēia manawa he pōhaku i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1996 ma Madagascar, ke kaumaha 17,5 kg!

Pehea i hana ʻia ai nā sapphi synthetic?

ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā mea nani sapphire i nā pōhaku synthetic. ʻO ia hoʻi, na ke kanaka i hana ka pōhaku, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano maoli. He nani lākou e like me nā sapphi maoli, akā nele i kēlā "mea makuahine honua." Hiki paha ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā sapphi synthetic mai nā mea kūlohelohe me ka maka maka? E hoʻomaka kākou mai kinohi mai. ʻO nā syntheses mua o ka corundum i loaʻa i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa, i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā pōpō ruby ​​liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 50, aia kahi ala e puhi ʻia ai nā minerala i loko o kahi lapalapa hydrogen-oxygen, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā kristal. Eia naʻe, me kēia ʻano, ua hana ʻia nā kristal liʻiliʻi, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haumia a me nā kiko. I ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hydrothermal, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā alumini oxides a me nā hydroxides ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a laila kau ʻia nā ʻanoʻano ma nā uea kālā a, mahalo i ka hopena hopena, ua germinated. ʻO keʻano hou aʻe,ʻo ia keʻano o Verneuil, e pili ana i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana o ka mea, akā, e hāʻule ka hopena o ka wai ma luna o kahi kumu,ʻo ia hoʻi he aniani maoli,ʻo ia ke kumu no ka uluʻana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano hana i kēia lā a hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia, akā naʻe, nui nā ʻoihana i kā lākou mau ala ponoʻī no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mineral synthetic a hūnā i kēia mau ʻano hana. Hana ʻia nā sapphi synthetic ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻonohonoho nani. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā pale a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka sapphi synthetic?

ʻO ka sapphire a me ka sapphire maoli i loaʻa i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, no laila paʻakikī loa, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā lākou me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Me kēlā pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi jeweler kūikawā. ʻO ke kumu nui ke kumu kūʻai. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole e maʻalahi ka mineral maoli. ʻO kahi hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ka nele a i ʻole nā ​​hemahema liʻiliʻi ma nā pōhaku synthetic.

ʻO nā sapphi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā pōhaku hana

He mea kūpono hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana aia kekahi ʻōlelo e like me nā pōhaku e mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia paha. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kahi pōhaku kūlohelohe e kahi kala kūpono, a laila puhi ʻia nā sapphires a i ʻole rubies e hoʻomaikaʻi mau i ko lākou kala. No ka laʻana, ua hana ʻia ka topaz ma ke ʻano like, a ua ʻaila ʻia nā emeralds. He mea nui e ʻike ʻaʻole e hōʻino kēia mau ʻano i ka pōhaku, mai hana i ka pōhaku i mea kūlohelohe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā ʻano hana e lilo ai ka pōhaku makamae i ka nui o ka waiwai a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻokokoke i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ia mau ʻano hana, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā rubi me ke aniani a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā daimana e hoʻonui i ka papa maʻemaʻe, ma ke ʻano he hoihoi, aia kekahi mau pōhaku artificial. He ʻokoʻa lākou i nā pōhaku synthetic. E like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pōhaku synthetic i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kokoke i ko lākou mau hoa kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe analogues nā pōhaku synthetic i ke ʻano. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mau pōhaku, no ka laʻana, ka zircon kaulana loa a i ʻole ka moissanite kaulana ʻole (diamond imitation).

E nānā i kā mākou ʻohi ʻike e pili ana i nā pōhaku makamae a pau hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea nani

• Daimana / Daimana
• ʻO ka Rubin
• amethyst
• Aquamarine
• Kaute
• ametrine
• Sapphira
• Emerald
• Topaz
• ʻO Tsimofan
• Jadeite
• morganite
• uwē
• Peridot
• Alexandrite
• Heliodora