ʻO ka waiwai daimana - Pehea ka waiwai o nā daimana?

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai o nā daimana e: nā kuʻuna o nā kenekulia, nā leʻaleʻa hoʻomana a me nā ʻano loli ʻole a mau loa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka pōhaku makamae no ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ke daimana a me kona kūpaʻa nui ʻana i nā mea kemika a me ka wela. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka laha ʻole a me ka nani hoihoi o nā pōhaku maka, he maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai nā daimana he pōhaku makamae. 

ʻO nā daimana koʻikoʻi a me kā lākou kumukūʻai

Ma hope o ka privatization o De Beers i ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻoholo ka hui, ma ke ʻano o kāna kulekele kumu kūʻai, ʻaʻole e hōʻike i nā kumukūʻai no nā daimana koʻikoʻi i kūʻai ʻia e Diamond Trading Co. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia e Bonas-Couzyn Ltd., kahi kālepa daimana koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻimi noiʻi a me ka mea nāna e ʻike iā De Beers, ua piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai o nā daimana i koho ʻia ma mua o 2009% mai Mei 25. (Pakaukau 1). ʻO ka piʻi ʻana ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka sawn 1 a me nā kristal dodecahedral (sawing 2) a me nā chips. No ka mea ʻaʻole e piʻi aʻe nā kumukūʻai i poni ʻia ma muli o ka pilikia o ka honua a me ke kūʻai ʻana mai ka hale kūʻai, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā daimana i poni ʻia mai nā mea kūʻai hou.

Hōʻike Daimana Antwerp

ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka Higher Diamond Council (HRD), e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai maʻamau no nā daimana - 0,50-1,00 carats, clarity mai ka magnified clarity (LC) i VS2 a me ke kala o ke keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe. (E) i keʻokeʻo (H) - ma ka mākeke Antwerp (Belgium). Hōʻike nā ʻikepili i paʻi ʻia ma waena o 1973 a me 2008 (e lawe ana i ka 1973 e like me 100%), piʻi nā kumukūʻai no nā daimana 0,50 carat ma mua o 165%, a ua piʻi nā kumukūʻai no nā daimana 1,00 carat ma mua o 270%. ʻO nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa no nā daimana poli i hōʻea i 1980% a me 402,8% i ka makahiki 636,9, a laila a hiki i 1985 ua emi iho lākou i ka 182,6% a me 166,0%. Ua piʻi mālie nā kumukūʻai daimana mai ka makahiki 1985 (papa 2, pakuhi 1).

Nā ʻano ulu o ka mōʻaukala i nā kumukūʻai daimana

ʻO nā kumukūʻai ma nā kālā ʻAmelika no nā daimana kiʻekiʻe o 1,00-1,39 carats, loupe clarity (LC) a me ke keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe (D) i piʻi ma kahi o 1960% ma waena o 2010 a me 840 (Chart 2). ʻO ke kumu o ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ʻo ia ka nele o nā mea maka, no ka mea, ʻo 750 mau daimana wale nō o kēia ʻano i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, pono ke ʻoki ʻia ma kahi o 800 tons kimberlite. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gareth Penny o De Beers ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau i ka makahiki 000 ʻo ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hana ʻana ma nā pae i luna e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pau ʻana o nā waihona e hana ana i nā daimana kiʻekiʻe i nā makahiki he 000 e hiki mai ana. Wahi a ka loiloi o ka Antwerp Center for World Trade in Diamonds (Belgium), ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kumukūʻai no kēlā mau daimana poli i kēlā me kēia makahiki e 2010% i 20-1949. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, mai 1960 a 15, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai e pili ana i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei penei:

• 1960-1970 – 155%;
• 1970-1980 – 52%;
• 1980-1990 – 32%;
• 1990-2000 – 9%;
• 2000-2010 – 68%.

  I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, pono e manaʻo ʻia ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai no nā daimana kiʻekiʻe no nā kumu he nui: 1) ke ola hou nei ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua a i ʻole ka puka ʻana mai o ka pilikia hoʻokele waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mākeke ʻAmelika, ka hoʻohana daimana nui loa o ka honua. 50%); 2) aia ka hemahema o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea waiwai kiʻekiʻe a ke ulu mau nei nā kumukūʻai no ia; 3) Ua hoʻopau mālie ʻia nā waihona daimana, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ola i manaʻo ʻia o nā mines lalo o ka honua no 2020; 4) ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka noi no nā daimana i poni ʻia ma nā mākeke ʻĀsia hou (Kina, Korea, Taiwan).

E nānā pū i ka ʻike - ka daimana nui loa o ka honua!