eli daimana

ʻOiai ʻo ke daimana i ʻoki ʻia i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pōhaku makamae loa ma ka ʻoihana mea hoʻonaninani holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ia he mineral kakaikahi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina he nui, akā ʻo ke kaʻina hana unuhi ponoʻī ʻaʻole ia he kumu kūʻai wale nō ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, akā paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā daimana ma nā papa hale kūʻai, hele lōʻihi loa ko lākou "makua", i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki.

Waihona daimana

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke daimana ma ka wela kiʻekiʻe loa (mai 1000°C) a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa (mai 35 kilobars). Akā ʻo ke kūlana koʻikoʻi no kona hoʻokumu ʻana ʻo ia ka hohonu, a hiki i ka 120 mau kilomita ma lalo o ka honua. Aia ma lalo o ia mau kūlana e kū ai ka densification o ka lattice crystal, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi daimana. A laila, ma muli o ka pele pelemaka, puka mai nā waihona i kahi kokoke i ka ʻili o ka honua a aia i loko o nā paipu kimberlite i kapa ʻia. Eia nō naʻe ko lākou wahi ma lalo o ka ʻili honua. ʻO ka hana a ka poʻe ʻimi, ʻo ia ka mea mua, e ʻimi i nā paipu, a laila hele wale i ka ʻeli ʻana.

Lawe ʻia ka mining e kahi o 35 mau ʻāina e kū nei ma nā ʻāina paʻa geologically. Aia nā waihona hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa ma Africa, Russia, India, Brazil, a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

Pehea e ʻeli ʻia ai nā daimana

ʻO ke ʻano mining kaulana loa ʻo ka quarrying. Ua ʻeli ʻia, ʻeli ʻia nā lua, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea pahū i loko o lākou a puhi ʻia, e hōʻike ana i nā paipu kimberlite. Lawe ʻia ka pōhaku i loaʻa no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu i mea e ʻike ai i nā pōhaku. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hohonu o nā quarries i kekahi manawa - a hiki i 500 mika a ʻoi aku paha. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā paipu kimberlite i loko o nā lua, a laila ua pau nā hana a ua pani ʻia ka lua, no ka mea ʻaʻole pono e ʻimi i nā daimana hohonu.

Inā loaʻa nā paipu kimberlite ma kahi hohonu o ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 m, a laila i kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka unuhi ʻana - ʻo wau. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka pōʻino, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka lanakila-lanakila. ʻO kēia ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻāina hana daimana a pau.

ʻO ka mea aʻe, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka mea nui i ka mining, ʻo ia ka unuhi ʻana o ka gem mai ka ʻoʻa. No kēia, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano like ʻole:

1. Nā hoʻokomo momona. Hoʻomoeʻia ka pōhaku i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka papaʻaina i uhiʻia me kahi momona momona, me kahi kahawai wai. Pili nā daimana i ke kumu momona, a puhi ka wai i ka pōhaku ʻōpala.
2. X-ray. He ala manual kēia e ʻike ai i kahi mineral. No ka mea e ʻā ana i nā kukui x, ʻike ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale lima ʻia mai ka pua.
3. Hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaʻu ʻia nā pōhaku a pau i hana ʻia i loko o kahi hopena kūikawā. Hele ka pōhaku ʻōpala i lalo, a lana nā kristal daimana i ka ʻili.

Aia kekahi ala maʻalahi loa e unuhi i nā daimana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni he nui i ke ʻano huakaʻi - mai nā placers. Inā hoʻopau ʻia ka paipu kimberlite e nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka huahekili, ka ua, ka makani ʻino, a laila hele nā ​​pōhaku me ke one a me nā ʻōpala i ka wāwae. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia hihia ke moe wale nei lākou ma ka ʻili o ka honua. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ka kānana maʻalahi o nā pōhaku e ʻike i ka mineral. Akā ʻo ia mau kūlana, ka mea a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai ma nā pale TV, he kakaikahi loa. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ke hana ʻia nei ka mining daimana ma kahi ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi.