ʻO nā waiwai a me nā pono o ka sapphire
Nā mea:
Loaʻa iā Sapphire ka nani o nā noho aliʻi lani. Hōʻike ia i ka naʻau o ka poʻe maʻalahi, ka poʻe i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi manaʻolana a me ka poʻe i hoʻomālamalama i ke aloha a me ka pono. Pono e ʻaʻahu ʻia e nā mōʻī, mai ka lewa mai kona kala a me kona nani e like me ka lani a me kona mālamalama ...
ʻO Marbod, ka mea kākau o ka lapidary kaulana kaulana, wehewehe ka olinolino o ka sapphire, akaka a hohonu i ka manawa like. Ma waena o nā pōhaku makamae ʻehā (diamond, emerald, ruby, sapphire), ʻōlelo ʻia ma hope. Eia naʻe, pili nā mea maikaʻi loa me ia: ka maʻemaʻe, ka pololei a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mineralogical o ka sapphire
ʻO Sapphire kahi corundum e like me ka ruby, kona kaikuaʻana māhoe. Hāʻawi ʻo Chromium i ka ruby i kona kala ʻulaʻula, aʻo ka titanium a me ka hao e hāʻawi i ke kala uliuli i ka sapphire. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā sapphires, akā ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kikoʻī nui.
ʻO Sapphire, no ka hui o nā oxides, ʻaʻohe cleavage (nā mokulele haki maoli). Hiki i kona mau facies (projection) ke ʻano pyramidal, prismatic, tabular, a i ʻole ke ʻano barela. D'une grande dureté, 9 sur une échelle de 10, il raye tous les corps sauf le diamant.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Sapphire i nā pōhaku metamorphic (Hoʻololi ʻia nā pōhaku ma hope o ka piʻi koke ʻana o ka mahana a i ʻole ke kaomi) ou magmatiques (nā pōhaku mai ke kikowaena o ka honua i hoʻolei ʻia i ka ʻili ma hope o ka pele ʻana o ka lua pele). Loaʻa ia i loko o nā pōhaku me ka silica haʻahaʻa: nepheline, marble, basalt…
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻeli ʻia nā sapphires mai nā waihona alluvial liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia nā waihona lua. : iho mai na muliwai mai na mauna mai, e hali ana i na pohaku ma ke kumu o na kahawai a ma na papu. ʻO nā ʻano hana mining maʻamau: ʻeli i nā luawai a i ʻole ka holoi ʻana i ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili me nā pallet i hana ʻia mai nā kumu waina. Hoʻopili ʻia nā waihona kumu me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā pōhaku paʻakikī i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
Un saphir doit presenter un bel éclat. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ke ʻano waiu o ka sapphire, a laila kapa ʻia ʻo "chalcedony". ʻO nā microcracks e hoʻoulu ai i ka hopena o ka hau a i ʻole ka pua e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka sapphire, a me nā kiko a me nā kīʻaha. Ke holo nei kēia mau hemahema a pau i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kahi sapphire i ke kūlana "gem". Ma ka lima 'ē aʻe, Hiki ke kūʻai nui ʻia kahi sapphire o ka nani uliuli maikaʻi.
Nā mea hoʻonani Sapphire a me nā mea
Nā kala Sapphire
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā minela e ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka noho ʻana o kekahi mau mea kemika. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Chromium, titanium, hao, cobalt, nickel a i ʻole vanadium e kala i ka corundum ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka corundum ʻulaʻula wale nō, ka ruby, a me ka corundum uliuli, ka sapphire i manaʻo ʻia he pōhaku makamae. ʻO ke koena, nā kala like ʻole, ua manaʻo ʻia he "sapphires nani". ʻO kā lākou inoa "sapphire" pono e ukali ʻia e ko lākou kala (sapphire melemele, sapphire ʻōmaʻomaʻo, etc.). A hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou pilina, ua kapa ʻia lākou: "Oriental Peridot" (sapphire green), "Oriental Topaz" (sapphire melemele), "Oriental Amethyst" (sapphire poni) ...
ʻO ka pōhaku i kekahi manawa he mau kala ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo, e like me Ierusalema artichoke sapphire. Le corindon incolore et transparent est un saphir blanc ou "leucosaphir". Il existe un saphir à la spectaculaire couleur corail. Originaire du Sri-Lanka, cette rareté porte le nom particulier de "padparadscha" (fleur de lotus en cinghalais).
Hiki ke ʻike ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā sapphires ma muli o nā kumu kukui. ʻO kekahi mau saphirs bleu indigo paraissent presque noirs à la lumière artificielle. D'autres deviennent violets à la lumière du soleil. Le saphir possède aussi des propriétés pléochroïques : la couleur varie selon l'angle d'observation.
ʻOki Sapphire
Kahi maʻamau ʻoki sapphi me ka lepo daimana. Le polissage s'effectue à l'aide d'un abrasif en poudre à base de corindon ordinaire et déclassé : l'émeri, utilisé aussi dans le polissage des verres optiques.
Hoʻonui ka ʻoki ʻana i ke alo o ka sapphires. ʻO nā pōhaku me nā mea hoʻohui nani, e like me ka sapphire maka o ka pōpoki (e hana ana i kahi laina kūpaʻa e like me ka haumāna o ka pōpoki) a i ʻole ka hōkū sapphire i ʻimi nui ʻia (hōkū ʻeono) e hōʻike i ko lākou nani āpau ma hope o ka ʻoki kahiko kahiko i kapa ʻia "" en cabochon .
Hoʻopunipuni ka inoa a me ka huikau
Nui a lehulehu inoa hoopunipuni :
- ʻO "Brazilian Sapphire" kahi topaz polū i hoʻomālamalama pinepine ʻia.
- ʻO ka "Sapphire spinel" he polū polū.
- "Water sapphire", cordierite.
La sapphirine, loaʻa pinepine i ka hui pū me nā corundums, he silicate maoli nō. Ua aie kona inoa i ke kala uliuli, e like me ke kala o ka sapphire.
Hana mākou nā sapphi synthetic me 1920. Hoʻololi lākou i nā sapphi maoli no nā hana ʻoihana. Hoʻohana pū ka ʻoihana waiwai iā lākou, e like me ka synthetic star sapphire i hana ʻia mai 1947.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka wela (ma kahi o 1700°) a me ka irradiation ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻololi a hoʻoponopono paha i ke kala a me ka ʻike. Pono e haʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kaʻina hana.
Ke kumu o ka sapeira
Sri Lanka
Ua ʻike ʻia nā sapphires mai ka ʻāina ʻo Ratnapura mai ka wā kahiko. Wehe ʻo ia i nā pōhaku makamae (blue forget-me-nots), nā hōkū sapphi kakaʻikahi a me nā sapeira kala, padparadscha. A hiki i kēia lā, kokoke ka hapalua o nā sapphires mai Ceylon kahiko mai. Aia ma waena o lākou kekahi mau mea kaulana:
- Logan 433 carats (ma luna o 85 g). Hoʻopuni ʻia e nā daimana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka cushion. Hiki ke mahalo ʻia kona ʻākaka a me kona nani ma ka Smithsonian Institution ma Wakinekona (hema hema).
- He 563 carats kona kaumaha (lalo) aEtoile de Minuit, 116 carats (ci-dessus à droite), étonnante par sa couleur violet-pourpre. Ces deux merveilles sont visibles au Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de New-York.
kaʻi kālā indian
ʻO kēia kahi waihona mua loa, akā naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia i nā makahiki he kanahā. ʻO nā Sapphires, i ʻeli ʻia mai kaolinite, e ʻeli ʻia mai ke kiʻekiʻe o Kashmir ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 4500 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻO ka uliuli velvety hohonu, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he nani loa o nā mea āpau. ʻO nā sapphires "Kashmiri" i kēia lā ke hele mai mai Burma mai.
Lehua (Burma)
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Mogok, kahi moena o nā rubi, ua waiwai pū kekahi i nā sapphi pegmatite nani. I ka wā ma mua, ua hele mai ka hapa nui o nā sapeira Hikina mai ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa o Pegu, aia ma ka ʻākau hikina o ke kapikala ʻo Rangoon i kēia manawa.
Hōʻike ka Smithsonian Institution ma Wakinekona i kahi sapphire hōkū Burmese nani: ʻO ka Star of Asia he 330 carats, uliuli ʻeleʻele waena.
Таиланд
Nā ʻāpana mai ka basalt ʻO Chanthaburi Region a me Kanchanaburi Region, nā sapphi maikaʻi maikaʻi, uliuli ʻeleʻele a uliuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, i kekahi manawa me nā hōkū. Aia kekahi mau sapphi kala.
ʻOʻAsuria
Ua ʻeli ʻia nā sapphires mai nā pōhaku basalt ʻO Queensland mai 1870 a me NSW mai ka makahiki 1918. He awelika ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi, akā ʻike ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole me nā hōkū ʻeleʻele ma laila.
Mokuʻāina ʻo Montana (USA)
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana, ma Missouri kokoke i Helena, hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1894, a laila hoʻōki i ka makahiki 1920, a laila hoʻomaka hou i ka makahiki 1985.
France
Le kahua mōʻaukala o Puy-en-Velay ma ka Haute-Loire, ua kūʻai ʻia aku, akā ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ʻEulopa i nā sapeira a me nā garnets i ka wā ma mua. ʻO ka mea hou loa a ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā sapphires ma lalo o kahi muliwai kokoke i Issoire ma Puy-de-Dome ua hoʻāla i kahi ʻimi ʻepekema hoihoi. Pono e ʻimi i ke ala o nā pōhaku i mea e ʻike ai i ko lākou kumu mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi o ko lākou hānau ʻana, ma waena o nā lua pele helu ʻole o Auvergne.
Ma waena o nā ʻāina hana ʻē aʻe, ʻApelika Hema, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania a me Zimbabwe aia ma ʻApelika; ʻO Brazil a me Kolombia ma ʻAmelika; Cambodia a me Kina ma Asia.
Etymology o ka inoa Sapphire.
Hele mai ka hua'ōlelo sapphire ʻŌlelo Lākni sapeiro mai Helene mai sapeira ("mea nani"). Hepela pāpaʻa a le syriaque safila ʻoiaʻiʻo he kumu kahiko o ka huaʻōlelo. Loaʻa iā mākou ma nā ʻōlelo kahiko ana mea hoʻopololei hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka mea mua "mea ahi"laila "nānā nani", a laila ma ka hoʻonui "mea nani".
ʻO kekahi o nā palapala a ka Bestiary, i kākau ʻia e kahi mōneka-poet Pilipo o Taon ma kahi o 1120/1130 kākau ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Palani, ke kupuna o ka ʻōlelo Palani. ʻIke mua mākou i ka sapphire ma kona ʻano Farani: Sapphira. Ma hope aku, i ka Renaissance, ʻike mākou i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo " Thresor o Farani "I ka Jean Nicot (kaulana no ka hookomo ana i ka paka ma Farani) he ano okoa iki: sapeiro
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo saphirin, a me ka saphiréen laha ʻole, e ninini ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana i koho ʻia no ka couleur du saphir. Ma mua he wai holoi maka uliuli i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wai sapphirine.
Sapphire ma ka mōʻaukala
Le Saphir dans l'Antiquite
Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo Sapphire ma ke Kauoha Kahiko, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Exodus.. Ua olelo pinepine ia, ua hanaia na Papa o ke kanawai i ka sapeira. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻohe pili o ka sapphire me nā mea o nā Papa. E pili ana keia i ka hihio o ke Akua ma o Mose la a me kona mau hoa.
Ua ike lakou i ke Akua o ka Iseraela; Malalo iho, ua like ia me ka sapeira alohilohi, e like me ka lani i kona maemae.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka sapphire a ʻae e hoʻolohe i ka wā kahiko o ka hōʻailona o ka pōhaku. Blue sapphire mau pili me ka mana lani : Indra ma Inia, Zeus a me Jupiter ma waena o ko Helene a me ko Roma.
ʻAʻole kūlike ka sapphire kahiko i ka corundum uliuli. . sapeira He haumana Helene Theophrastus (- 300 BC) a sapeiro Pliny the Elder (1st century AD). ʻO kā lākou wehewehe ʻana i nā kiko gula ma kahi ʻulaʻula uliuli e like me ka lapis lazuli. ʻO nā corundums o Ceylon, i ʻike ʻia mai ka liʻiliʻi o 800 BC, ʻoi aku cyan, i ka aeroid o ko Roma, a i hyakinthus i ka poe Helene.
I ka wā kahiko, pili ke kala kala me ke kāne i manaʻo ʻia o nā pōhaku. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia nā sapphi uliuli ʻeleʻele he kāne, ʻoiai ʻo nā pōhaku ʻeleʻele o ka waiwai liʻiliʻi e manaʻo ʻia he wahine.
He kakaikahi na sapphi kahiko i kahakahaia. Le departement des antiques de la Bibliothèque Nationale conserve une intaille égyptienne (gravure en creux) du 2ème siècle avant JC représentant la tête bouclée d'une reine ou d'une princesse ptolémaïque. On y voit également une intaille représentant l'empereur romain Pertinax qui regna trois mois en l'an 193.
Ma ke ano o na pomaikai, hoʻomaha ka sapphire i ke poʻo a hoʻomaha i nā maka (ʻo nā mea maikaʻi i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i nā pōhaku uliuli). ʻO Dioscorides, he kauka Helene a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau (1st century AD), he mea mua o ka lithotherapy, paipai i ka pauda sapphi i hui pū ʻia me ka waiū e mālama i nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā ʻeha ʻē aʻe.
Sapphire i ka makahiki waena
Mai ke kenekulia XNUMX mai, ua noho nā pūʻulu o Franks, Visigoths a me nā mea lanakila ʻē aʻe i ko mākou ʻāina, e lawe mai ana i kā lākou ʻike. Ua aʻo lākou i kahi ʻano hana hoʻonaninani paʻakikī i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAigupita i ka wā o nā pharaohs: ka cloisonné. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka hana ʻana i nā keʻena lahilahi e hoʻohana ana i ke keleawe a i ʻole ke gula no ka hale o nā pōhaku kala like ʻole. E mālama ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma ke ʻano o nā Merovingians a me Carolingians. Ma ka Abbey o Saint-Maurice ma Switzerland, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka pahu me nā relics o Teiderich, kahi hue i kapa ʻia ʻo "Charlemagne" a me kahi ipu i kapa ʻia ʻo "Saint-Martin", i hoʻonani ʻia me nā sapphires.
Mai ke kenekulia ʻumikūmālua Hoʻonui ka lāʻau lapaʻau medieval i nā pono o ka sapphire, i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kahiko:
Hoʻohui maikaʻi loa ia i ka poʻe ... hoʻomaʻalili i ke kanaka i nui ka wela o ke kino, huki i ka lepo a me ka lepo mai nā maka a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou. He mea pono no ke po'o (headaches) a me ke kanaka me ka hanu ino.
« E maʻemaʻe, maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe hoʻi, me ka ʻole o nā ʻeleʻele ma luna o ke komo ʻana nā kūlana kūpono e loaʻa ai kēia mau pōmaikaʻi.
He pōhaku kūʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ʻo Sapphire inā laki ka paʻahao i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi i loko o ko lākou hale paʻahao. ʻO kāna hana wale nō, ʻo ka hamo ʻana i ka pōhaku ma kona mau kaulahao a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ka hale paʻahao. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia manaʻoʻiʻo kahiko me ka honua huna nā alchemists i manaʻo i ka sapphire he pōhaku ea. No laila ka ʻōlelo "pāʻani i ke kaikamahine o ka lewa"?
Ua ʻae ka Christendom i ka sapeiro lani. He hōʻailona o ka maʻemaʻe, pili pinepine ia me ka Virgin Mary. Hoʻokomo nā Cardinals ma ko lākou lima ʻākau. Pela no ke alii haipule o Enelani, o Edewada ka Mea Kofesa. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna apo, i hoʻonani ʻia me ka sapphire nani, i kahi mea noi. ʻO kēia kanaka ʻilihune ʻo St. John theologian, i hoʻi mai i ka honua e hoʻāʻo iā ia. Ma ka ʻĀina Hemolele, hāʻawi ʻo Saint John i ke apo i ʻelua pilgrims, nāna e hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ka mōʻī Pelekane.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke aliʻi i ke kenekulia XNUMX. I ka wehe ʻia ʻana o kona hale kupapaʻu, wehe ʻia ka sapeira mai kona manamana lima aku. Lei ʻia me ke keʻa Maltese, Mai ka makahiki 1838, ua lei aliʻi ʻo St. Edward's Sapphire i ka lei aliʻi o ka Mōʻīwahine Victoria a me kona mau hope..
Ma Italia, ka Hale Hemolele o Loreto (Sainte-Maison de Lorette) ʻo ia ka home o Mary. Ma Nazareta, ua lilo keia wahi i hale pule mai ka wa o ka poe lunaolelo. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka poʻe Crusaders mai Palesetina i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e lawe ʻia ka hale i Italia ma ka moku ma waena o 1291 a me 1294. ʻEkolu mau pā pōhaku i lilo i basilica waiwai, a i nā kenekulia he waiwai maoli nā makana a nā malihini.
Ma kahi hōʻike i ka makahiki 1786 i manaʻo ʻia no Madame Elisabeth, ke kaikuahine o Louis XVI, hōʻike ka Abbé de Binos ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi sapeira maikaʻi ma laila. ʻIke ʻia he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kapuaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe ma ke kumu o ʻelua kapuaʻi (ʻo ka pyramid ma kahi o 45 cm x 60 cm). ʻO ka hoʻonui a i ʻole ka ʻoiaʻiʻo? ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike, no ka mea, i kēia lā ua nalowale loa ka waiwai.
Le Louvre expose une œuvre religieuse ornée de saphirs datant du XVème siècle: "le Tableau de la Trinité". ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nā mea lewa me nā pōhaku makamae. ʻO ka Sapphires ka mea nui, ʻo ka mea nui loa i kahakaha ʻia i loko o ka intaglio me kahi kiʻi o Joan o Navarre, Queen of England i ka makahiki 1403. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kēia makana i ke Duke o Brittany, kāna keiki. Hāʻawi ʻo Anne o Brittany i kāna hoʻoilina i ka Royal Treasury o Farani ma o ka male ʻana iā Charles VIII.
Hoʻonani nā Sapphires i nā mea nani a me nā mea pono. ʻO nā kīʻaha (he kīʻaha kīʻaha nui me kahi poʻi) ua lako pono iā lākou: nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia i ke kālā gula, e noho ana ma luna o ka wāwae e like me ka pūnāwai, i hoʻonani ʻia me ʻelua garnets a me ʻumikūmākahi sapphires ... hua a pua paha), i hoʻonani ʻia me kahi rose gula a me nā momi me ka sapeira nui ma waenakonu. ʻO kēia mau sapphires i loaʻa i loko o nā waihona waiwai aliʻi, ʻaʻole i hele mai mai ka Hikina mai.
Sapphire Puy-en-Velay
No Le Puy-en-Velay mai ka nui o nā sapphi i loko o nā hale aliʻi o ʻEulopa. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi kahawai i kapa ʻia ʻo Rio Pesuyo kokoke i ke kauhale o Espaly-Saint-Marseille mai ka liʻiliʻi o ke kenekulia XNUMX no ka waiwai i nā sapphires a me nā garnets. ʻO nā aliʻi o Farani, ʻo Charles VI a me Charles VII, ke kipa mau nei i kēia wahi e kūʻai ai ma laila. ʻO ka pīhopa o Le Puy, ʻo ia ka mea ʻohi sapeira, hoʻonoho iā lākou i loko o ka hale aliʻi episcopal.
ʻOhi ʻia nā sapphires i ka wā kokoke maloʻo ke kahawai. Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe mahiʻai i nā puddle hohonu loa, ka holoi a me ka kānana ʻiliʻili. Ua hoʻomau kēia "hewa kupanaha" no kekahi mau keneturia. Ua hōʻike mai kahi puke mineralogy iā mākou i ka makahiki 1753 aia kekahi kanaka mai ke kauhale e hoʻomaʻamaʻa " e ʻimi i nā hyacinths a me nā sapphires .
ʻO ka Le Puy sapphire, i kapa ʻia ʻo "sapphire mai Farani", ʻo ia wale nō ka sapphire ʻEulopa. Hiki ke lilo i kala uliuli maikaʻi loa a loaʻa ka wai maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole pinepine ka luster a huki me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokūkū nui me ka sapphire oriental, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maʻalahi. Ua lilo nā sapphi Puy-en-Velay i mea hoihoi, a he kakaikahi nā hale hōʻikeʻike i mālama ʻia ai.
ʻO ka manawa hou a me ka sapphire
ʻO ka bien-nommé "Grand Saphir" nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a Louis XIV i ka makahiki 1669. Inā ʻaʻohe palapala i kākau ʻia ma nā moʻolelo, manaʻo ʻia he makana. ʻO kēia makana 135 carat blue velvet me nā hiʻohiʻona poni mai Ceylon mai. Kūleʻa ka Grand Sapphire i waho o ka pahu i nā manawa he nui e hoʻohiwahiwa i nā mea hele hanohano. A laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kiʻi gula ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona hoa, ʻo ke daimana uliuli.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia he pōhaku maka kēia momi. I ka makahiki 1801, ua ʻike ka mineralogist René-Just Gahuy i kēlā ua ʻoki ʻoki ʻia ka pōhaku me ka mālama ʻana i kona ʻano kūlohelohe maoli a me ke ʻano daimana kumu. Mai kona loaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia ʻo Grand Saphir. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Natural History ma Paris.
Le Grand Saphir est fréquemment confondu avec le saphir de "Ruspoli" mais il s'agit de deux gemmes différentes. Ua aneane like ke kaumaha o Ruspoli, akā he ʻokoʻa ka ʻoki (cushion-shaped). Hele mai ia mai Ceylon mai, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e ʻike ʻia e kahi kanaka ʻilihune e kūʻai aku ana i nā puna lāʻau. Ua aie kona inoa i ke kamāliʻikāne Italia ʻo Francesco Ruspoli, kekahi o nā mea nona ka ʻike mua. He huakaʻi hanana kēia sapphire : kuaiia aku i kekahi kanaka kuai waiwai Palani, a ua lilo ia ma ka hope o Harry Hope waiwai, ka Waihona Puke Alii o Rusia, a mahope iho o ka Leialii o Romania. Ua kūʻai hope ʻia i kahi mea kūʻai mai ʻAmelika ma kahi o 1950, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i ka mea i loaʻa iā ia mai ia manawa.
ʻO ke kumu o ka lawelawe sapphire kaulana a Queen Marie-Amelie, ka wahine a Louis Philippe, ua uhi ʻia hoʻi i ka mea pohihihi. Ua kūʻai mai ʻo Louis-Philippe, ʻo Duke nō ʻo Orléans i kēia mau mea nani mai ka Mōʻīwahine Hortense, ke kaikamahine a ka Empress Josephine a me ke kaikamahine hānai a Napoleon I. 1985.
I ka makahiki 1938, ua loaʻa i kahi keikikāne ma Australia kahi pōhaku ʻeleʻele nani a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 200 g. Noho ka pōhaku i loko o ka hale no nā makahiki a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻohana ʻia i pani puka. Pāpā, ʻōpio, pau e ike oe he sapeira eleele.
E kūʻai ʻia aku no $18,000 i ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo Harry Kazanjan, me ka manaʻo he asterism ma hope o ka nani ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike maikaʻi ka ʻoki maʻalahi a me ka pilikia i ka hōkū i manaʻo ʻole ʻia o rutile. ʻO ka Hōkū ʻEleʻele o Queensland, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana he 733 carats, lilo ia i hōkū sapphire nui loa ma ka honua. Ua mahalo ʻia ʻo ia ma nā hale hōʻikeʻike like ʻole i ka wā o nā hōʻikeʻike pōkole. Manaʻo ʻia he 100 miliona mau kālā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka toujours appartenu à des particuliers fortunés et nʻa plus été présenté depuis longtemps.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pono o ka sapphire i ka lithotherapy
ʻO ka lithotherapy o kēia manawa ke hāʻawi nei i ka sapphire i ke kiʻi o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka naʻauao a me ka lokahi. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaha i nā ʻano huhū a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole, e lawe mai i ka serenity, calmness a me ka clairvoyance i loko o nā manaʻo. Hana ia ma nā chakras a pau.
Pono nā Sapphire i nā maʻi kino
- Hoʻomaha i ka migraines a me ke poʻo
- Hoʻomaha i ka ʻeha rumatika, sciatica
- Hoʻoulu hou i ka ʻili, nā kui a me ka lauoho
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kuni a me ka mumū
- Hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana veineux
- Hoʻoponopono i ka hemorrhages
- Hoʻopau i ka sinusitis, bronchitis
- Hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pilikia ʻike, ʻoi aku ka conjunctivitis
- Hoʻoulu i ke ola
Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he elixir e hōʻoluʻolu i ke poʻo a me nā ʻeha pepeiao, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili, hakakā i ka haki, a hoʻoikaika i nā kui a me ka lauoho.
ʻO nā pono o ka sapphire no ka psyche a me nā pilina
- Hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻuhane, hoʻoikaika a me ka noʻonoʻo
- Hoʻomaha i ka hana noʻonoʻo
- E hoʻomaha i ka huhū
- Paipai i ka ikaika
- Leve la cranee
- Hoʻoulu i ka noʻonoʻo, hoʻomohala
- Hoʻomaha i nā kūlana kaumaha
- Redonne joie de vivre, enthousiasme
- Hoʻoulu i ka hilinaʻi iā ia iho a me ka hoʻomanawanui
- Hoʻoponopono i ka hyperactivity
- Hoʻonui i nā kuko
- Hoʻoikaika i ka makemake, ka wiwo ʻole
- Hoʻoikaika i ka hiamoe a me nā moeʻuhane maikaʻi
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻouka ʻana
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā corundum a pau me ka paʻakai, distilled a i ʻole ka wai demineralized. Hana ʻia ka hoʻouka hou ʻana i ka lā, ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka mahina a i ʻole ka nui o ka quartz.
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