Amber - ka maka melemele o ka tiger

Malia paha, ʻike nā kānaka a pau i ka amber. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ʻaʻole wale i nā mea nani a me nā haberdashery, akā i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ʻoihana a me ka hana lāʻau. Eia kekahi, kaulana ʻia ka amber ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa - lithotherapy a me ka magic. Mahalo i kona ikehu kūlohelohe, kōkua ia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi a hoʻoikaika i ke ola o kāna mea nona, e kuhikuhi ana iā ia i kahi ala maikaʻi. Akā ʻo ka mea mua.

hōʻikeʻano

Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole he mineral a ʻaʻole hana i nā kristal. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka resin petrified, kahi ʻāpana mānoanoa resinous e kū nei i waho o nā ʻoki i nā kumu coniferous kahiko.

Kaomi

I ka wā kahiko, nui ka poʻe ʻepekema i manaʻo e pili ana ke kumu o kēia pōhaku me ka resin. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Aristotle, Theofast, Pliny the Elder no kēia.

Aia i ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia e ke kanaka maoli a me ke kauka ʻo Carl Linnaeus a me ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe Lūkini ʻo Mikhail Lomonosov. ʻO lākou ka mea i hōʻoia ʻo ka amber ka resin o nā lāʻau coniferous kahiko.

I ka makahiki 1807, ua hāʻawi mua ka Russian chemist, mineralogist, geologist, academician o ka Imperial Academy of Sciences Vasily Severegin i kahi wehewehe ʻepekema, kumu a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka amber.

ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao

ʻO ka inoa o ka pōhaku he nui nā mea hoihoi.

No ka laʻana, ʻo ka "inoa" Farani o amber - ambre - mai ka ʻōlelo Arab ʿanbar. ʻO kahi hui o nā kānaka o ka hui Semitic ethno-linguistic e noho ana ma nā mokuʻāina o ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau i maʻa loa i ka pōhaku: manaʻo lākou he hau i hāʻule mai ka lani a paʻakikī.

Kapa ka poʻe Kelemania i ka amber Bernstein, ʻo ia hoʻi, "pōhaku puhi ahi". He kūpono kēia - ʻā koke ka mea a hana i kahi lapalapa nani, ʻoiai e hoʻopuka ana i kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu. Ua laha pū kēia inoa i ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me Belarus a me Ukraine. Ma laila ka pōhaku i loaʻa ai ka "inoa" burshtyn.

Ua hoihoi ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ka pōhaku no kona hiki ke hoʻolima uila. Kapa lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana he electron. He mea pono ke ʻike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "electricity" mai kēia inoa - ἤλεκτρον. Ma ke ala, ma Ancient Russia, he inoa like ka amber, akā he ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa - uila ai ole ia, electron. 

Eia naʻe, ua ʻaiʻē ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "amber" mai ka Lithuanians - gintaras.

Nā Mea Aʻo

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ʻaʻole he mineral ka amber, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā kristal. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea nani, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā pihi, nā peʻa, a me nā mea hou aku me ia.

• nā malu - mai ka melemele ʻeleʻele a hiki i ka brownish; ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele i kekahi manawa, keʻokeʻo waiu, me ke kahe ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
• ʻōlinolino - resinous;
• haʻahaʻa paʻakikī - 2-2,5;
• electrified by friction;
• puhi koke;
• i ka wā e launa pū ai me ka oxygen, ua oxidized, e kōkua i ka hoʻololi ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ka malu, akā i ka haku pū kekahi.

Ka nui

He nui nā ʻano ʻano Amber. ʻO ka mua, ua māheleʻia i ka mōʻalihaku a me ka semi-fossil. Hoʻoholo nui ʻia nā waiwai o kēia mau ʻano e nā kūlana a me ka manawa o ko lākou hanana ʻana.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka helu fragility kahi mea koʻikoʻi no ka ʻokoʻa. Ua helu ʻia me kahi mea hana kūikawā - kahi mika microhardness, helu ʻia i ka grama, a ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻāpana kikoʻī.

ʻO ke kolu, hiki i ka amber ke loaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, e pili ana me kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā lua i loko o kona kino. Ma kēia kumu, e kapa ʻia ka pōhaku i kahi ʻokoʻa:

• transparent - ka nele o nā hakahaka, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōhaku;
• kapuaʻi - translucent;
• ʻākeʻakeʻa - opaque;
• iwi - opaque, hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻelepani i ke kala;
• puaa - opaque, malu - paila keʻokeʻo.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Amber e kona kala. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, hiki ke pena ʻia ka pōhaku i kēlā me kēia malu mai ka spectrum. Aia nā mea a pau i nā kūlana, a me ka hele ʻana o nā mea haumia like ʻole i ka resin. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka algae ke kala i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo kekahi mau mineral e pili ana e "hāʻawi" iā ia i kahi ʻulaʻula kālā, a ʻeleʻele iki ke one i ka pōhaku a hāʻawi i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.

One hānau

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā waihona amber i nā hui: mōʻaukala a me kēia manawa.

mōʻaukala

I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia ka resin paʻakikī o nā lāʻau coniferous ma ka peninsula ʻo Jutland (Denemaka o kēia manawa), akā ua pau koke ka waihona. A laila hoʻomaka ka poʻe kālepa e huli i ka Amber Coast - ka inoa kahiko o ke kahakai hikina hema o ke Kai Baltic, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina ʻo Kaliningrad o Rūsia.

Wahi

ʻElua mau panalāʻau nui amber o ka honua:

• Eurasian, me Ukraine, Rusia, Italia, Myanmar, Indonesia, ka mokupuni o Sri Lanka;
• ʻAmelika - Dominican Republic, Mexico, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, Greenland.

waiwai

He pōhaku waiwai ʻo Amber a ua hōʻoia ʻia kona hopena i ke kino kanaka.

kupua

ʻO Amber kahi hōʻailona o ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi. ʻOkoʻa loa kona mau mea kilokilo. No laila, aia lākou:

• pale i ka mea nona nā pilikia, nā pōʻino, nā kilokilo (maka ino, pōʻino, aloha aloha, hōʻino);
• hōʻike i nā mana hana, hoʻopiha i ka hoʻoikaika a me ka makemake e hana;
• hoʻonui i ka intuition a me ka ʻike;
• kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i kāu mau pahuhopu;
• lawe mai i ka laki, laki, hauʻoli, manaʻolana;
• maikaʻi ka hopena i nā wāhine hāpai, kōkua i ka hānauʻana;
• hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻuhane ʻino;
• pale i nā kāne male mai ka ʻōlelo ʻino, lili, kumakaia, hoʻomaopopo ʻole.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Aia nā moʻolelo wale nō e pili ana i nā mea ho'ōla o ka amber. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua lōʻihi kēia hopena i hōʻoia ʻia i ka ʻepekema a hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia e nā loea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe - lithotherapists.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe maʻi like ʻole i hiki ʻole i ka amber ke hoʻopau, a pili kēia ʻōlelo i kēia lā. No laila, ʻo kāna mau mea ho'ōla:

• hoʻopau i ke poʻo a me ka ʻeha niho;
• pili maikaʻi i ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko;
• kōkua me nā maʻi hui, varicose veins;
• hooki i ka hana o ka hemolysis;
• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka metabolism, ka ʻōnaehana digestive;
• hopena maikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻōpū;
• hoʻopau i ke kaumaha a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona hopena;
• pale aku i ke anu, flu;
• ka ho'ōlaʻeha a me ka hopena hou;
• saturates nā hunaola me ka oxygen;
• hoʻolohi i ke kaʻina hana kahiko o ka ʻili;
• i nā keiki - hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana o ka niho, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino.

ʻO ka mea hana nui ka succinic acid, i ʻike ʻia no kāna mau waiwai pono.

Ka hoʻohana

He ʻokoʻa nā wahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka amber:

• ʻoihana mea hoʻonani. Ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole: nā lei, nā apo, nā apo pepeiao, nā brooches, nā pendants, nā kūpeʻe lima a me nā mea hou aku. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā iniseti, nā hulu i loko o ka pōhaku, ua hana ʻia nā ʻōpū i loko - ʻo ia mau huahana ke nānā maoli a nani.
• Haberdashery - nā pihi, nā pulu, nā lauoho, nā pahu pauka, nā mea hoʻokomo i nā kāʻei, nā ʻeke, nā ʻeke, nā ʻeke.
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ka hana ʻana i nā ipu lāʻau, nā mea hana. Hoʻohana kaulana i ka cosmetology.
• ʻO ka hana lāʻau. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lacquer ma muli o ka lāʻau. Ua "mālama" lākou i ka ʻili o nā moku, nā lako, nā mea kani.
• Mahiai. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa succinic. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā hua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hua a me ka germination ma ke ʻano he biogenic stimulant.
• ʻO nā holoholona a me nā moa - ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai.
• Nā mea like ʻole o ka hale - nā ipu, nā ipukukui, nā kīʻaha, chess, caskets, figurines, wati, aniani. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi mai ka pōhaku.

ʻO wai ka mea kūpono i ka hōʻailona zodiac

Wahi a ka poʻe kilo, maikaʻi ka amber no nā hōʻailona o ke ahi - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia e komo i nā huahana me ka pōhaku wale no Taurus.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā amulets pilikino a me nā talismans me kahi hoʻokomo o ka resin paʻakikī i nā malihini i ʻole e nalowale ka huahana i kona ikaika.